Editing Academic art (section)

===Transformations and diffusion of the French model===
[[File:Wilhelm Bendz - The Life Class at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, 1826.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Wilhelm Bendz]], ''The Life Class at the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts|Royal Academy of Fine Arts]]'' in [[Copenhagen]], 1826]]

At the end of Louis XIV's reign, the academic style and teachings strongly associated with his monarchy began to spread throughout Europe, accompanying the growth of the urban nobility. A series of other important academies were formed across the continent, inspired by the success of the French Académie: the [[Academy of Fine Arts, Nuremberg|Akademie der Bildenden Künste]] in [[Nuremberg]] (1662), the [[Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp)|Royal Academy of Fine Arts]]  in [[Antwerp]] (1663), the [[Academy of Arts, Berlin|Akademie der Künste]] in [[Berlin]] (1696), the [[Academy of Fine Arts Vienna|Akademie der bildenden Künste]] in [[Vienna]] (1698), the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts|Royal Drawing Academy]] in [[Stockholm]] (1735), the [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]] in [[Madrid]] (1752), the [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] (1757), and the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera]] in [[Milan]] (1776), to name a few. In England, this was the [[Royal Academy of Arts]], which was founded in 1768 with a mission "to establish a school or academy of design for the use of students in the arts".{{sfn|Hodgson|Eaton|1905|p=11}}<ref>''John Harris'', Sir William Chambers Knight of the Polar Star, ''Chapter 11: The Royal Academy'', 1970, A. Zwemmer Ltd</ref>

The [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] in [[Copenhagen]], founded in 1754, may be taken as a successful example in a smaller country, which achieved its aim of producing a national school and reducing the reliance on imported artists. The painters of the [[Danish Golden Age]] of roughly 1800–1850 were nearly all trained there, and drawing on Italian and [[Dutch Golden Age painting]]s as examples, many returned to teach locally.<ref>J. Wadum, M. Scharff, K. Monrad, "Hidden Drawings from the Danish Golden Age. Drawing and underdrawing in Danish Golden Age views from Italy" in ''SMK Art Journal'' 2006, ed. Peter Nørgaard Larsen. [[Statens Museum for Kunst]], 2007.</ref> The history of [[Danish art]] is much less marked by tension between academic art and other styles than is the case in other countries.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the model expanded to America, with the [[Academy of San Carlos]] in Mexico being founded in 1783, the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]] in the United States in 1805,<ref name="kemp">Kemp, Martín. [https://books.google.com/books?id=95J-ppmZmt8C&dq=%22academic+art%22&pg=PA218 ''The Oxford history of Western art'']. Oxford University Press US, 2000, {{p.|218–219}}</ref> and the [[Imperial Academy of Fine Arts (Brazil)|Imperial Academy of Fine Arts]] in Brazil in 1826.<ref>Eulálio, Alexandre. ''O Século XIX''. In ''Tradição e Ruptura''. Síntese de Arte e Cultura Brasileiras. São Paulo: Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, 1984–85, {{p.|121}}</ref> Meanwhile, back in Italy, another major center of irradiation appeared, Venice, launching the tradition of urban views and "[[Capriccio (art)|capriccio]]s", fantasy landscape scenes populated by ancient ruins, which became favorites of noble travelers on the [[Grand Tour]].<ref name="kemp" />