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Acala
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== Texts == [[File:Rinmetsudojihonzon.jpg|thumb|A [[Gohonzon|mandala ''gohonzon'']] inscribed by [[Nichiren]] in 1280. On the ''gohonzon''{{'s}} right-hand side (in [[Siddham script|Siddhaṃ script]]) is ''hāṃ'' (हां), Acala's ''[[bīja]]'' or seed syllable; [[Rāgarāja]]'s seed syllable, ''hūṃ'' (हूं), is on the left.]] As noted above, Acala appears in the ''Amoghapāśakalparāja Sūtra'' and the ''Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra''. As Caṇḍaroṣaṇa or Caṇḍamahāroṣaṇa, he is the primary deity of the ''Caṇḍamahāroṣaṇa Tantra'' and is described in the ''Sādhanamālā''. The Japanese esoteric Buddhist tradition and [[Shugendō]] also make use of the following [[Post-canonical Buddhist texts|apocryphal sutras]] on Acala: * ''Sūtra of the Great Wrathful King Āryācala's Secret Dhāraṇī'' (聖無動尊大威怒王秘密陀羅尼経, ''Shō-Mudō-son daiifunnuō himitsu darani kyō'') : A sūtra consisting of a discourse on Acala given by the bodhisattva [[Vajrasattva]] (identified here with [[Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)|Samantabhadra]]) to Mañjuśrī, set in "Vairocana's great assembly." The sutra describes Acala as being identical with the all-pervading ''[[dharmakāya]]'', "[having] no fixed abode, but [dwelling] within the hearts of sentient beings" (無其所居、但住衆生心想之中).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ono|first=Seishū|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/944158/7|title=聖不動経講義 (Sho-Fudō kyō kōgi)|publisher=Oshima Seishindō|year=1916|pages=1–50}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kobayashi|first1=Shōsei|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/916687/74|title=真言宗聖典 (Shingon-shū seiten)|date=1926|publisher=Morie Shoten|pages=131–141}}</ref> * ''Āryācala Sūtra'' (仏説聖不動経, ''Bussetsu Shō-Fudō kyō'') : A summarized version of the above sutra.<ref name="Ono51">{{Cite book|last=Ono|first=Seishū|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/944158/32|title=聖不動経講義 (Sho-Fudō kyō kōgi)|publisher=Oshima Seishindō|year=1916|pages=51–60}}</ref><ref name="Kobayashi145">{{cite book|last1=Kobayashi|first1=Shōsei|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/916687/81|title=真言宗聖典 (Shingon-shū seiten)|date=1926|publisher=Morie Shoten|pages=145–147}}</ref> Translated into English, it runs as follows: {{Poemquote| text=At that time, in the great assembly [of Vairocana], there was a great wisdom king. This great wisdom king possesses great majestic power (大威力, ''daiiriki''). Having the virtue of great [[Karuṇā|compassion]] (大悲徳, ''daihi toku''), he appears in a blue-black form. Having the virtue of great [[Samadhi|stillness]] (大定徳, ''daijō toku''), he sits in an [[Vajra|adamantine]] rock. Having great wisdom (大智慧, ''daichie''), he manifests great flames. He wields the great sword of wisdom to destroy [[Three poisons|greed, ignorance and hatred]]. He holds the snare of samādhi to bind those who are hard to tame. Because he is the formless [[Dharmakāya]] identical with [[Akasha|space]], he has no fixed abode; his only dwelling is within the hearts of sentient beings. Although the minds and inclinations of sentient beings differ from each other, in accordance with each one's desires, he bestows blessings ([[:wikt:利益#Etymology 2|利益]], ''riyaku'') and provides whatever is being sought. At that time, the great assembly, having heard this sūtra, rejoiced greatly, faithfully accepted it, and put it into practice.}} : : To this text is often appended two litanies of the names of Acala's young acolytes (童子, ''dōji''), the 'thirty-six ''dōji''{{'}} (三十六童子, ''sanjuroku dōji'') and the 'eight great ''dōji''{{'}} (八大童子, ''hachi daidōji'').<ref name="Ono51"/><ref name="Kobayashi145"/> * ''Sūtra on Reverencing the Secret Dhāraṇī of Āryācala'' (稽首聖無動尊秘密陀羅尼経, ''Keishu Shō-Mudō-son himitsu darani kyō'')<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ono|first=Seishū|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/944158/37|title=聖不動経講義 (Sho-Fudō kyō kōgi)|publisher=Oshima Seishindō|year=1916|pages=61–71}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kobayashi|first1=Shōsei|url=https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/916687/81|title=真言宗聖典 (Shingon-shū seiten)|date=1926|publisher=Morie Shoten|pages=142–144}}</ref>
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