Editing Adam's apple (section)

==Etymology==
[[File:Adam's apple 26.jpg|thumb|100px|<small style="font-size:100%;">An example of male laryngeal prominence (front view)</small>]]
[[File:Adam's apple 10.jpg|thumb|100px|<small style="font-size:100%;">An example of male laryngeal prominence (side view)</small>]]

The English term "Adam's apple" is a [[calque]] of Latin {{Lang|la|pomum Adami}}, which is found in European medical texts from as early as 1600.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia Anatomica Humani Corporis|first=André|last=du Laurens|location=Paris|year=1600|url=https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_00276/page/n539/mode/2up|page=510|quote=Huius supreme pars βρόγχος, quibusdam vulgò morsus & pomum Adami appelatur.}}</ref>  "Adam's Apple" is found in a 1662 English translation of [[Thomas Bartholin]]'s 1651 work ''Anatomia''.<ref name="bartholin">{{cite book|year=1662|translator-last1=Culpeper|translator-first1=Nicholas|translator-last2=Cole|translator-first2=Abdiah|title=Bartholinus Anatomy|url=https://archive.org/details/b30333696/page/122/mode/2up?|publisher=Peter Cole|location=London|page=123|quote=That same bunch which is seen on the foreside of the Neck, is called '''''Adams Apple''''', because the common people have a belief, that by the judgment of God, a part of that fatal Apple, abode sticking in ''Adams'' Throat, and is so communicated to his posterity|trans-quote=Protuberantia illa in collo anterius conspicua, dicitur Pomum Adami; [quia vulgo persuasum in Adami faucibus pomi fatalis partem ex pœna Divina remansisse, & ad posteros translatam]|first=Thomas|last=Bartholin|orig-year=1651}}</ref>

The 1662 citation includes an explanation for the origin of the phrase: a piece of [[forbidden fruit]] was supposedly embedded in the throat of [[Adam]], who according to the [[Abrahamic religions]] was the first man:<ref name="bartholin"/> {{blockquote|the common people have a belief, that by the judgment of God, a part of that fatal Apple, abode sticking in ''Adams'' Throat, and is so communicated to his posterity}}  This etymology is also proposed by ''Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable'' and the 1913 edition of ''Webster's Dictionary''.<ref>E. Cobham Brewer (1810–1897). Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. "Adam's Apple"</ref> The story is not found in the [[Bible]] or other [[Judaism|Jewish]], [[Christianity|Christian]], or [[Islamic]] writings.<ref>George Crabb (1823), "Universal technological dictionary", Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, "Pomum Ada'mi"</ref>

Linguist [[Alexander Gode]] proposed in 1968 that the Latin phrase {{Lang|la|pomum Adami}} (literally: 'Adam's apple') was a mistranslation of the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] "{{Lang|he-Latn|tappuach ha adam}}", meaning "male bump".<ref>{{cite journal |first=Alexander |last=Gode |title=Just Words |journal=JAMA |date=1968-10-28 |page=1058 |volume=206 |issue=5 |doi=10.1001/jama.1968.03150050046009 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/341605|url-access=subscription }}</ref>  The confusion was supposedly due to the fact that in the [[Hebrew language]] the proper name "Adam" ({{Lang|he|אדם}}) literally means "man", and the word for "apple", ''"tapuach''", is similar to the word "{{Lang|he-Latn|tafuach}}" which means "swollen", thus in combination: the swelling of a man.<ref>William S. Haubrich (2003), "Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins", ACP Press, pág 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://medicine.academic.ru/155/Adam's_apple|title=Adam's apple |publisher=Medicine.academic.ru|access-date=2013-02-27}}</ref>

The medical term "prominentia laryngea" (laryngeal prominence) was introduced by the ''Basle Nomina Anatomica'' in 1895.<ref>Axel Karenberg, Amor, Äskulap & Co.: klassische Mythologie in der Sprache der modernen Medizin, Schattauer, Stuttgart 2006, S. 128-129.</ref>

In the [[American South]], "goozle" is used colloquially to describe the laryngeal prominence, likely derived from ''[[wiktionary:guzzle|guzzle]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Morris|first1=Evan|title=Goozle « The Word Detective|url=http://www.word-detective.com/2008/11/goozle/|website=The Word Detective|access-date=22 December 2014|date=November 2008|quote=If we follow 'goozle' back a bit further, we come to an interesting intersection with a far more common word, 'guzzle.'}}</ref><ref name="Jr.2009">{{cite book|author =Roy Blount Jr.|title=Alphabet Juice: The Energies, Gists, and Spirits of Letters, Words, and Combinations Thereof; Their Roots, Bones, Innards, Piths, Pips, and Secret Parts, Tinctures, Tonics, and Essences; With Examples of Their Usage Foul and Savory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xZWKctOqg8YC&pg=PT162|date=29 September 2009|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-1-4299-6042-7|quote=The Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English defines google (or goozle) as 'the throat, Adam's apple.'}}</ref><ref name="Wilder1998">{{cite book|author=Roy Wilder|title=You All Spoken Here|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xw8eLjzXH4IC&pg=PA55|date=1 September 1998|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-2029-8|page=55|quote=Adam's apple; goozle; the projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Goozle|url=https://www.daredictionary.com/view/dare/ID_00024696|website=Dictionary of American Regional English|publisher=Harvard College|access-date=28 November 2020|quote=The throat as a whole, or spec the gullet, windpipe, or Adam’s apple. chiefly South, South Midland}}</ref>