Editing Addax (section)

==Physical description==
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 | alt1 = Summer coat
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The addax is a spiral-horned antelope. Male addaxes stand from {{convert|105|to|115|cm|abbr=on}} at the shoulder, with females at {{convert|95|to|110|cm|abbr=on}}. They are [[sexually dimorphic]], as the females are smaller than the males.<ref name=adw>{{cite web|last=Atlan|first=B.|title=''Addax nasomaculatus''|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Addax_nasomaculatus.html|work=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology|publisher=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=20 June 2012|archive-date=2 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502025953/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Addax_nasomaculatus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The head and body length in both sexes is  {{convert|120|to|130|cm|abbr=on}}, with a {{convert|25|to|35|cm|abbr=on}} long tail. The weight of males varies from {{convert|100|to|125|kg|abbr=on}}, and that of females from {{convert|60|to|90|kg|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Krausman2007/>

The coloring of the addax's coat varies with the season. In the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders. In the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde.<ref name=Krausman2007>{{cite journal |author1=Krausman, P.R.  |author2=Casey, A.L. | year = 2012 | title = ''Addax nasomaculatus'' | journal = Mammalian Species |issue=807 | pages = Number 807: pp. 1–4 | doi = 10.1644/807.1| doi-access =  }}</ref> Their head is marked with brown or black patches that form an 'X' over their noses. They have scraggly beards and prominent red nostrils. Long, black hairs stick out between their curved and spiralling horns, ending in a short mane on the neck.<ref name=f&w/>

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The [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]]s, which are found on both males and females, have two to three twists and are typically {{convert|55|to|80|cm|in|abbr=on}} in females and {{convert|70|to|85|cm|abbr=on}} in males, although the maximum recorded length is {{convert|109.2|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Krausman2007/> The lower and middle portions of the horns are marked with a series of 30 to 35 ring-shaped ridges.<ref name=Krausman2007/> The tail is short and slender, ending in a puff of black hair. The [[Hoof|hooves]] are broad with flat [[Sole (foot)|sole]]s and strong [[dewclaw]]s to help them walk on soft sand.<ref name=f&w>{{cite book|title=The Funk & Wagnalls Wildlife Encyclopedia|author=Burton, M.|year=1974|publisher=Funk and Wagnalls|volume=1|author2=Burton, R.|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=20316938}}</ref> All four feet possess [[scent gland]]s.<ref name=Krausman2007/> The life span of the addax is up to 19 years in the wild,<ref name=uu/> which can be extended to 25 years under captivity.<ref name=Krausman2007/><ref name=adw/>

The addax closely resembles the [[scimitar oryx]], but can be distinguished by its horns and facial markings. While the addax is spiral-horned, the scimitar oryx has decurved {{convert|127|cm|in|abbr=on}} long horns. The addax has a brown hair tuft extending from the base of its horns to between its eyes. A white patch, continuing from the brown hair, extends until the middle of the cheek. On the other hand, the scimitar oryx has a white forehead with only a notable brown marking: a brown lateral stripe across its eyes.<ref name=Krausman2007/> It differs from other antelopes by having large, square teeth like cattle and lacking the typical facial glands.<ref name=Krausman2007/>

=== Addaxes in Souss-Massa National Park, Morocco ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130px">
Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) adult male and juvenile.jpg|An adult male and juvenile
Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) female.jpg|A female
Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) juvenile.jpg|A juvenile
Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) young adult head.jpg|The head of a young adult
</gallery>

===Parasites===
The addax is most prone to parasites in moist climatic conditions.<ref name=mungall>{{cite book|last=Mungall|first=E. C.|title=Exotic Animal Field Guide : Nonnative Hoofed Mammals in the United States|year=2007|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|location=College Station|isbn=978-1-58544-555-4|edition=1st}}</ref> Addaxes have always been infected with [[nematode]]s in the [[Strongylida#Trichostrongyloidea|Trichostrongyloidea]] and [[Strongylida#Strongyloidea|Strongyloidea]] superfamilies.<ref name=aazpa>{{cite book|title=AAZPA Regional Conference Proceedings|year=1993|publisher=American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums|page=553}}</ref> In an exotic ranch in Texas, an addax was found host to the nematodes ''[[Haemonchus contortus]]'' and ''[[Longistrongylus curvispiculum]]'' in its [[abomasum]],<ref name=Krausman2007/> of which the former was dominant.<ref name=craig>{{cite journal|last=Craig|first=T.M.|title=''Longistrongylus curvispiculum'' (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) in free-ranging exotic antelope in Texas|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|year=1993|volume=29|issue=3|pages=516–7|pmid=8355363|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-29.3.516|s2cid=22059990}}</ref>