Editing Allobroges (section)

==Geography==
=== Territory ===
[[File:Carte allobrogie.PNG|thumb|Territory of the Allobroges during the [[Roman period]] (dark green).]]The territory of the Allobroges, which is known as ''Allobrogia'',{{sfn|Bocquet|2009|p=28}} stretched between the [[Isère (river)|Isère]] and the [[Rhône]] rivers, the [[Lake Geneva|Lacus Lemannus]] (Lake Geneva) and the [[Alps]].{{sfn|Kruta|2000|p=404}}{{sfn|Lafond|2006}} By the mid-1st century BC, they also possessed a piece of land north of the Rhône river, between modern [[Lyon]] and [[Geneva]], whose later status remains uncertain.{{Sfn|Rivet|1988|p=310}} During the Roman period, the ''[[civitas]]'' ''Viennensium'' covered an area of around 13,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, one of the largest in Gaul.{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=60}}

The Allobroges lived east of the [[Segusiavi]] and the [[Vellavi]], south of the [[Ambarri]] and [[Sequani]], north of the [[Segovellauni]], [[Vertamocorii (Narbonensis)|Vertamocorii]], [[Vocontii]], [[Tricorii]], [[Ucennii]], [[Graioceli]] and [[Ceutrones]], and southwest of the [[Helvetii]] and [[Veragri]].<ref>{{harvnb|Talbert|2000}}, Map 17: Lugdunum, Map 18: Augustonemetum-Vindonissa.</ref>

=== Settlements ===
==== Solonion ====
Until its destruction by the Romans in 61 BC, the main settlement of the Allobroges was known as Solonion, possibly corresponding to the modern village of [[Salagnon]], near [[Bourgoin-Jallieu]], or else to [[Montmiral]], near [[Saint-Marcellin, Isère|Saint-Marcellin]].{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=27}}<!-- Soyons has also been proposed and is still sometimes mentioned by some contemporary authors, but it is unlikely. -->

==== Vienna ====
The site of Vienna (modern [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]], France), situated at the confluence of the [[Gère]] and [[Rhône]] rivers, was occupied by the Celts since the early 4th century BC.{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=14}}{{sfn|Bocquet|2009|p=53}}{{sfn|Prisset|2012}} It served as a small river port protected by two [[oppida]], one on the Pipet hill, and one on the Sainte-Blandine hill, and perhaps surrounded by a wall.{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=14}} Although it remained a village until the 1st century BC, Vienna held a central position at a trading crossroad between northern Gaul, the [[Italian Peninsula]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]], before it was eventually outshined by the nearby [[Lugdunum]] during the reign of [[Augustus]] (27 BC–14 AD). Until that time, Vienna was indeed the only place in the region where the Rhône could be crossed by foot.{{sfn|Pelletier|1978|p=922}} Since its creation, the port had been maintaining trade relations with the Greek colony of [[Massilia|Massalia]], on the Mediterranean coast.{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=14}}

After the destruction of Solonion by the Romans in 61 BC, the Allobrogian chieftains decided to move their place of residence to Vienna.{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|pp=26–27}} Around 50 BC, the settlement possibly became a colonia Latina, leading to the immigration of settlers from the Italian Peninsula. According to most scholars,{{Sfn|Gascou|1999|p=159}} after their expulsion by the local Allobroges in March 44 BC during the political troubles that followed the [[assassination of Caesar]], those Roman settlers moved further north, where [[Munatius Plancus]] founded for them the colony of Lugdunum the following year.{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|pp=32–35}}{{Sfn|Rivet|1988|p=306}} Alternatively, some scholars date the expulsion of the settlers to the Allobrogian revolt of 62–62, and contend that Vienna was made into a colony only later at the time of Octavian.{{Sfn|Gascou|1999|p=162}}

{{Quote|text=And to prevent [Lepidus and Lucius Plancus'] suspecting anything and consequently causing trouble, [the senators] ordered them to establish in a colony in Gallia Narbonensis the men who had once been driven by the Allobroges out of Vienna and afterwards established between the Rhone and the Arar, at their confluence.|source={{harvnb|Cassius Dio|1914}}, ''Rhōmaïkḕ Historía'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/dio_cassius-roman_history/1914/pb_LCL082.103.xml 46:50].}}
[[File:Viennaetemplum.jpg|thumb|239x239px|Roman temple in Vienna.]]
Under [[Octavian]], sometime between 40 and 27 BC, Vienna became known as ''Colonia Iulia'' ''Viennensium'', then was made into a colonia Romana known as ''Colonia Iulia Augusta Florentia'' ''Vienna (or Viennensium)'', either under [[Augustus]] (ca. 15 BC) or [[Caligula]] (ca. 40 AD).{{Sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=|pp=76–79}}{{Sfn|Rivet|1988|p=306}}{{sfn|Gascou|1999|p=165}} In 35 AD, the Allobrogian citizen [[Valerius Asiaticus]] became the first Gallic man to be elected as [[Roman consul]].{{sfn|Pelletier|1982|p=287}} Vienna was also made into the capital of the Allobrogian [[civitas]], and became one of the most powerful cities of Gaul during the first century AD. In the second half of the 3rd century, the city declined and shrank to its original urban core, although it remained an important settlement during the 4th century, serving as the occasional residence of the emperors [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]] and [[Valentinian II]].{{sfn|Prisset|2012}}

==== Other settlements ====
[[Genā́va|Genaua]] ('[river] mouth';{{sfn|Delamarre|2003|p=177}} modern [[Genève]]) was an [[oppidum]] erected on the hill of Saint-Pierre next to the Rhône, the [[Arve]] and the Lake Geneva, which allowed them to control the inland navigation on the Rhône. Located near the border of the [[Helvetii]] territory, Genaua was occupied from 130 BC at the latest.{{sfn|Kruta|2000|p=636}}{{sfn|Fuchs|2012}}

Another important Allobrogian settlement was located in [[Cularo]] ('field of squash',{{sfn|Delamarre|2003|p=131}} modern [[Grenoble]]), first mentioned by Munatius Plancus in 43 BC and later renamed to Gratianopolis.{{Sfn|Rivet|1988|p=76}}

Other oppida have been excavated at [[Musièges]], Larina ([[Hières-sur-Amby]]), Saint-Saturnin ([[Chambéry]]), Les Étroits ([[Saint-Lattier]]), Quatre-Têtes ([[Saint-Just-de-Claix]]), and Rochefort ([[Varces-Allières-et-Risset|Varces]]).{{sfn|Bocquet|2009|p=58}}