Editing Andragogy (section)

==Academic discipline==

In the field of [[adult education]] during recent decades, a process of growth and differentiation emerged as a scholarly and scientific approach, andragogy. It refers to the academic discipline(s) within university programs that focus on the education of adults; andragogy exists today worldwide. The term refers to a new type of education which was not qualified by missions and visions, but by academic learning including: reflection, critique, and historical analyses.

Dušan Savićević, who provided Knowles with the term andragogy, explicitly claims andragogy as a discipline, the subject of which is the study of education and learning of adults in all its forms of expression' (Savicevic, 1999, p.&nbsp;97,<ref>Savicevic, Dusan (1999): Understanding Andragogy in Europe and America: Comparing and Contrasting. In: Reischmann, Jost/ Bron, Michal/ Jelenc, Zoran (eds): Comparative Adult Education 1998: the Contribution of ISCAE to an Emerging Field of Study. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Slovenian Institute for Adult Education, p. 97-119.)</ref> similarly Henschke, 2003,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.umsl.edu/~henschkej/|title=Studies in Andragogy and Adult Education|website=www.umsl.edu|access-date=Mar 21, 2023|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205124855/http://www.umsl.edu/~henschkej/|url-status=live}}</ref>), Reischmann, 2003.<ref>[http://www.andragogy.netReischmann, Jost (2003): Why Andragogy? Bamberg University, Germany]</ref>

Recent research and the COVID 19 pandemic have expanded andragogy into the online world internationally, as evidenced by country and international organizations that foster the development of adult learning, research and collaboration in educating adults. New and expanding online instruction is fostered by national organizations, literacy organizations, academic journals and higher education institutions that are helping adults to achieve learning and skills that will contribute to individual economic improvement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Putri |first1=Selicha |last2=Elihami |first2=Elihami |date=2021-06-07 |title=THE CONCEPT ANDRAGOGY AND PEDAGOGY: E-LEARNING MODEL DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC |url=https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/JENFOL/article/view/1345 |journal=Jurnal Edukasi Nonformal |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=18–24 |issn=2715-2634 |access-date=2022-12-04 |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204032140/https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/JENFOL/article/view/1345 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Boeren |first1=Ellen |last2=Roumell |first2=Elizabeth A. |last3=Roessger |first3=Kevin M. |date=2020 |title=COVID-19 and the Future of Adult Education: An Editorial |journal=Adult Education Quarterly |language=en |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=201–204 |doi=10.1177/0741713620925029 |s2cid=218943945 |issn=0741-7136|doi-access=free }}</ref>

New learning resources and approaches are identified, such as finding that using collaborative tools like a [[wiki]] can encourage learners to become more self-directed, thereby enriching the classroom environment. Andragogy gives scope to self-directed learners and helps in designing and delivering the focused instructions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Igawa |first1=Momoko |last2=Kato |first2=Makoto |date=2017-09-20 |title=A new species of hermit crab, Diogenes heteropsammicola (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae), replaces a mutualistic sipunculan in a walking coral symbiosis |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=e0184311 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0184311 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5606932 |pmid=28931020|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1284311I |doi-access=free }}</ref> The methods used by andragogy can be used in different educational environments (e.g. adolescent education).

Internationally there are many academic journals, adult education organizations (including government agencies) and centers for adult learning housed in a plethora of international colleges and universities that are working to promote the field of adult learning, as well as adult learning opportunities in training, traditional classes and in online learning.

In academic fields, andrologists are those who practice and specialize in the field of andragogy. Andragologists have received a doctoral degree from an accredited university in Education (EdD) or a Philosophy (PhD) and focused their dissertation utilizing andragogy as a main component of their theoretical framework.