Editing Anglicisation (section)

===British Isles===
{{Main|Cultural history of the United Kingdom}}
Anglicisation was an essential element in the development of British society and of the development of a unified British polity.<ref name=":0" /> Within the [[British Isles]], anglicisation can be defined as influence of English culture in [[Scotland]], [[Wales]], [[Ireland]], the [[Isle of Man]] and the [[Channel Islands]]. Until the 19th century, most significant period for anglicisation in those regions was the [[High Middle Ages]]. Between 1000 and 1300, the British Isles became increasingly anglicised. Firstly, the ruling classes of England, who were of Norman origin after the [[Norman Conquest]] of 1066, became anglicised as their separate [[Normans|Norman]] identity, different from the identity of the native [[Anglo-Saxons]], became replaced with a single [[English national identity]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Secondly, English communities in Wales and Ireland emphasised their English identities, which became established through the settlement of various parts of Wales and Ireland between the 11th and 17th centuries under the guidance of successive English kings. In Wales, this primarily occurred during the [[conquest of Wales by Edward I]], which involved English and [[Flemish people|Flemish]] settlers being [[Plantation (settlement or colony)|"planted"]] in various newly established settlements in Welsh territory. English settlers in Ireland mostly resided in [[the Pale]], a small area concentrated around [[Dublin]]. However, much of the land the English settled was not intensively used or densely populated. The culture of settling English populations in Wales and Ireland remained heavy influenced by that of England. These communities were also socially and culturally segregated from the native Irish and Welsh, a distinction which was reinforced by government legislation such as the [[Statutes of Kilkenny]].<ref name=":1" />

==== Ireland ====
{{See also|British rule in Ireland|Ireland–United Kingdom relations}}

====Wales====

During the [[Middle Ages]], Wales was gradually conquered by the English. The institutional anglicisation of Wales was finalised with the [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542]], which fully incorporated Wales into the [[Kingdom of England]]. This not only institutionally anglicised Wales, but brought about the anglicisation of the [[Welsh culture]] and language. Motives for anglicising Wales included securing [[Protestantism|Protestant]] England against incursions from Catholic powers in [[Continental Europe]] and promoting the power of the Welsh [[House of Tudor|Tudor dynasty]] in the rest of England.<ref name=":0" />

Scholars have argued that [[industrialisation]] prevented Wales from being anglicised to the extent of Ireland and Scotland, as the majority of the Welsh people did not move abroad in search of employment during the early modern era, and thus did not have to learn to speak English. Furthermore, migration patterns created a cultural division of labour, with national migrants tending to work in coalfields or remain in rural villages, while non-national migrants were attracted to coastal towns and cities. This preserved monocultural Welsh communities, ensuring the continued prominence of the Welsh language and customs within them. However, other scholars argue that industrialisation and [[Urbanization|urbanisation]] led to economic decline in rural Wales, and given that the country's large towns and cities were anglicised, this led to an overall anglicisation of the nation.<ref name=":0" />

The [[Elementary Education Act 1870]] and the [[Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889]] introduced compulsory English-language education into the [[Education in Wales|Welsh educational system]]. English "was perceived as the language of progress, equality, prosperity, mass entertainment and pleasure". This and other administrative reforms resulted in the institutional and cultural dominance of English and marginalisation of Welsh, especially in the more urban [[South Wales|south]] and [[North East Wales|north-east]] of Wales.<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, the Commission for Welsh-speaking Communities warned that the emigration of Anglophones to Welsh-speaking villages and towns was putting the Welsh language at risk.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morris |first=Steven |date=8 November 2022 |title=Second homes and Brexit pushing Welsh language to 'tipping point' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/08/second-homes-and-brexit-pushing-welsh-language-to-tipping-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102201925/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/08/second-homes-and-brexit-pushing-welsh-language-to-tipping-point |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

==== Modern non-British Isles diasporas ====
{{See also|Modern immigration to the United Kingdom}}
[[File:Harold Abrahams 1924.jpg|thumb|198x198px|[[Harold Abrahams]], an Anglicised athlete celebrated by British Jews for obtaining gold in the [[Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|1924 Olympics 100m sprint]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dee |first=David |date=2012-04-01 |title=‘Too Semitic’ or ‘Thoroughly ‘Anglicised’? The Life and Career of Harold Abrahams |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09523367.2011.631006 |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |language=EN |doi=10.1080/09523367.2011.631006 |issn=0952-3367|url-access=subscription }}</ref>]]
Jewish refugees in Britain at the turn of the 20th century were encouraged to Anglicise themselves by playing [[British sports]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dee |first=David |date=2012 |title=‘The Sunshine of Manly Sports and Pastimes’: Sport and the Integration of Jewish Refugees in Britain, 1895–1914 |url=https://www.academia.edu/673137/_The_Sunshine_of_Manly_Sports_and_Pastimes_Sport_and_the_Integration_of_Jewish_Refugees_in_Britain_1895_1914 |journal=Immigrants &amp; Minorities |volume=30 |pages=318–342 |issn=0261-9288}}</ref> Such assimilation was desired by both the immigrants and the local Anglo-Jewish elite, as it would preempt antisemitic and xenophobic prejudices.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Hawkins |first=Samuel |title=From 'undesirable alien' to proud British Jewry: the Jewish immigrant experience in memory and history, 1881 to present |date=2017 |degree=phd |publisher=University of Southampton |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428630/ |language=en}}</ref>