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Animation
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===Before cinematography=== {{main|Early history of animation}} Long before modern animation began, audiences around the world were captivated by the magic of moving characters. For centuries, master artists and craftsmen have brought puppets, [[automaton]]s, [[shadow puppets]], and fantastical [[lantern]]s to life, inspiring the imagination through physically manipulated wonders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Modern Animation Originated from Live and Stage Performances - studio9 |url=https://studio9.ie/journal/how-modern-animation-originated-from-live-and-stage-performances |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=studio9.ie}}</ref> In 1833, the [[stroboscope|stroboscopic]] disc (better known as the [[phenakistiscope]]) introduced the principle of modern animation, which would also be applied in the [[zoetrope]] (introduced in 1866), the [[flip book]] (1868), the [[praxinoscope]] (1877) and [[film]].
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