Editing Archivist (section)

==Educational preparation==
The educational preparation for archivists varies from country to country.

===Australia===
{{update |date=August 2024 |reason=more university courses closed since 2017}}

The [[Australian Society of Archivists]] is the professional body for archivists, and is responsible for the accreditation of the various University courses.<ref name="Accredited-courses">{{cite web|url=https://www.archivists.org.au/learning-publications/accredited-courses|title=Accredited courses|access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref> The first University to offer archival training was the [[University of New South Wales]], starting in 1973. The course closed in 2000.

{{As of |2017 |post=,}} courses are offered at [[Curtin University]], [[Charles Sturt University]], [[Monash University]] and [[University of South Australia]] at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The course at [[Edith Cowan University]] is being phased out.<ref name="Accredited-courses"/>

===Brazil===
The profession has been regulated since 1978.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1970-1979/L6546.htm|title=L6546|date=1978|website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212070441/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1970-1979/L6546.htm|archive-date=12 February 2021|url-status=live|language=pt}}</ref>

Many universities in Brazil, such as the [[Federal University of Santa Maria]] (UFSM), the [[Federal University of Espírito Santo]] (UFES), [[Federal University of Amazonas]] (UFAM), and thirteen other universities, offer the degree in "archivology" which roughly translates to "[[archival science]]."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/historico/|title=Sobre|trans-title=On|website=[[Federal University of Santa Maria]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204080424/https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/historico/|archive-date=4 December 2020|url-status=live|language=pt|quote=Com a implementação dos cursos de Arquivologia e de Comunicação Social (Habilitação em Jornalismo, Relações Públicas e Publicidade e Propaganda), ainda na mesma década, e do curso de História, o Centro passou a ter a denominação atual.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/equipe/|title=Equipe|trans-title=Team|website=[[Federal University of Santa Maria]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910104327/https://www.ufsm.br/unidades-universitarias/ccsh/equipe/|archive-date=10 September 2020|url-status=live|language=pt|quote=Curso de Arquivologia...Secretaria do Curso de Arquivologia...Departamento de Arquivologia...Secretaria do Departamento de Arquivologia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arquivologia.ufes.br/o-que-e-arquivologia|title=O que é Arquivologia?|trans-title=What is Archivology?|website=[[Federal University of Espírito Santo]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222125915/https://arquivologia.ufes.br/o-que-e-arquivologia|archive-date=22 February 2020|url-status=live|language=pt|quote=O termo "Arquivologia" designa, ao menos na América Latina, o campo de estudos correspondente à área internacionalmente consolidada e conhecida como Archival Science}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arquivologia.ufes.br/atuacao-profissional|title=O que é Arquivologia?|trans-title=Professional performance|website=[[Federal University of Espírito Santo]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122070518/https://arquivologia.ufes.br/atuacao-profissional|archive-date=22 January 2020|url-status=live|language=pt|quote=O bacharel em Arquivologia, também chamado no estrangeiro por archivist, archival scientist, e record manager, é reconhecido legalmente pelo termo "arquivista" e tem sido considerado um profissional da informação responsável pelos documentos arquivísticos, pela gestão documental, e por processos atinentes ao setor de arquivo ou instituições arquivísticas.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arquivologia60anos.org/|title=60 anos do ensino de Arquivologia no Brasil|trans-title=60 years of teaching Archivology in Brazil|website=Empoderando a sociedade|publisher=Archivology Course, [[Federal University of Santa Maria]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204040237/https://arquivologia60anos.org/|archive-date=4 February 2021|url-status=live|language=pt}} Has an interactive map which shows all the universities in Brazil which offer archival studies courses.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fic.ufam.edu.br/cursos.html|title=Arquivologia|trans-title=Archival science|website=[[Federal University of Amazonas]]|date=24 December 2019|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128161511/https://www.fic.ufam.edu.br/cursos.html|archive-date=28 November 2020|url-status=live|language=pt}}</ref>

===Canada===
There are various institutions which offer an archival science degree. One of those institutions is the [[University of British Columbia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-of-archival-studies|title=Master of Archival Studies (MAS)|website=[[Society of American Archivists]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415022006/https://www.grad.ubc.ca/prospective-students/graduate-degree-programs/master-of-archival-studies|archive-date=15 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Colombia===
The [[Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje]] – SENA – in chain training with the [[Antioquia Institute of Technology|Tecnológico de Antioquia]] Tecnológico de Antioquia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plataforma.unipamplona.edu.co/tda|title=El TdeA recibió certificaciones de Calidad del ICONTEC|trans-title=The TdeA received Quality certifications from ICONTEC |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820042453/http://plataforma.unipamplona.edu.co/tda|archive-date=20 August 2008}}</ref> offers an archival science degree.

===France===
In France, the oldest Archivist School is the ''[[École des chartes]]'', founded in 1821.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/rubrique-ecole/the-ecole-nationale-chartes|title=The Ecole nationale des chartes|website=[[École des chartes]]|date=April 2015 |access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118093946/http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/rubrique-ecole/the-ecole-nationale-chartes|archive-date=18 January 2021|url-status=live|quote=The School occupies a key position among the heritage institutions...the new institution's goal [founded in 1821] was to educate young people in how to organise document archives and renew the study of "accumulated archives"}}</ref> This prestigious ''[[grande école]]'' (literally, "grand schools) offers a diploma in "Archivist-Paleography", created in 1849, after a three-year curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/programmes|title=Programmes|website=[[École des chartes]]|date=24 December 2014 |access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112020728/http://www.chartes.psl.eu/en/programmes|archive-date=12 January 2021|url-status=live|quote=The École nationale des chartes issues an Archivist-Palaeographer diploma and two Master's degrees: "Digital Technologies Applied to History" and "Transnational History", which were created for the 2016-2017 school year. The School also issues PhDs in its fields of expertise.}}</ref><ref name="lediplome">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chartes.psl.eu/cursus/diplome-archiviste-paleographe|title=Le diplôme d'archiviste paléographe|trans-title=The paleographer archivist diploma|website=[[École des chartes]]|date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112020647/http://www.chartes.psl.eu/cursus/diplome-archiviste-paleographe|archive-date=12 January 2021|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref> Many graduates become curators in archives, museums, and libraries or become researchers in universities.<ref name="lediplome" />

Some universities, like [[University of Angers]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://formations.univ-angers.fr/fr/offre-de-formation/master-lmd-MLMD/sciences-humaines-et-sociales-SHS/master-archives-IZFFWD2O.html?search-keywords=archives|title=Master Archives - Catalogue des formations|trans-title=Master Archives - Training catalog|website=[[University of Angers]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215164649/http://formations.univ-angers.fr/fr/offre-de-formation/master-lmd-MLMD/sciences-humaines-et-sociales-SHS/master-archives-IZFFWD2O.html|archive-date=15 February 2021|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref> [[Jean Moulin University Lyon 3]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.univ-lyon3.fr/master-archives|title=Master Archives|website=[[Jean Moulin University Lyon 3|Lyon III]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812144226/https://www.univ-lyon3.fr/master-archives|archive-date=12 August 2020|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref> and [[Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uvsq.fr/master-1-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda|title=Master 1 Archives, parcours Gestion des archives et de l'archivage (GDA)|trans-title=Master 1 Archives, Archives and Archiving Management (GDA) |website=[[Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024154146/https://www.uvsq.fr/master-1-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda|archive-date=24 October 2020|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uvsq.fr/master-2-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda|title=Master 2 Archives, parcours Gestion des archives et de l'archivage (GDA)|trans-title=Master 2 Archives, Archives and Archiving Management (GDA)|website=[[Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028122514/https://www.uvsq.fr/master-2-archives-parcours-gestion-des-archives-et-de-larchivage-gda|archive-date=28 October 2020|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref> offer a master's degree in Archival Science,
while the [[University of Burgundy|Burgundy]] has a course for their [[history]] degree focusing on archives of 20th and 21st century Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/departement-dhistoire-les-objectifs|title=Département d'histoire : les objectifs|trans-title=Department of History: the objectives |website=[[University of Burgundy|Burgundy]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190208/https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/departement-dhistoire-les-objectifs|archive-date=1 August 2020|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/master-2|title=Masters en Sciences Humaines|trans-title=Masters in Human Sciences |website=[[University of Burgundy|Burgundy]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126040544/https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/master-2|archive-date=26 November 2020|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FF-M2-Archives-rentr%C3%A9e-2020.pdf|title=Archives des XXe et XXIe siècles européens|trans-title=Archives of the 20th and 21st centuries in Europe|website=[[University of Burgundy|Burgundy]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215165942/https://sciences-humaines.u-bourgogne.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/FF-M2-Archives-rentr%C3%A9e-2020.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2021|url-status=live|language=fr}}</ref>

===Ireland===
In the Republic of Ireland, the [[School of History (University College Dublin)|School of History]] of the [[University College Dublin]] (UCD) offers a Masters of Arts degree in Archives and Records Management, providing the only recognized course in Ireland for the training of professional archivists, which is accredited by the [[Archives and Records Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/ma_archives/|title=MA in Archives and Records Management|website=[[University College Dublin]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109074606/https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/ma_archives/|archive-date=9 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> UCD also offers certificates in Archives Management and Records Management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/cert_archives/|title=Certificates in Archives Management and Records Management|website=[[University College Dublin]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109074449/https://www.ucd.ie/history/study/graduateprogrammes/cert_archives/|archive-date=9 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===New Zealand===
[[Victoria University of Wellington]] is the only tertiary institution in [[New Zealand]] that provides postgraduate archival courses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/study-areas/information-systems/study?subject=information-studies|title=Information Systems: Information Studies|website=[[Victoria University of Wellington]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215173815/https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-subjects/history/overview|archive-date=15 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/postgraduate-subjects/history/overview|title=Postgraduate History|website=[[Victoria University of Wellington]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210215173742/https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/explore/study-areas/information-systems/study?subject=information-studies|archive-date=15 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Victoria Information Studies qualifications with ARCR endorsement have been recognized by Records and Information Management Professionals Australasia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rimpa.com.au/professional-development/education/eventseducationrimpa-accredited-education/|title=RIMPA Accredited Degrees and Diplomas|website=Records and Information Management Professionals Australasia|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031162604/https://www.rimpa.com.au/professional-development/education/eventseducationrimpa-accredited-education/|archive-date=31 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]] has an undergraduate course in archives management.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/qualifications-and-courses/lis610-archives-management/|title=LIS610 Archives Management|website=[[The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208151427/https://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/qualifications-and-courses/lis610-archives-management/|archive-date=8 February 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
In the United Kingdom, there are currently postgraduate courses in archives administration or management from [[Aberystwyth University]], [[University of Dundee]], [[University of Glasgow]], [[University of Liverpool]], and [[University College London]]{{efn|The courses at [[Maynooth University]] were suspended for 2020/2021 term.}} which are recognised by the [[Archives and Records Association]] (United Kingdom and Ireland).<ref name="aracareers">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.org.uk/careers/careers-in-archives.html|title=Careers in Archives|website=[[Archives and Records Association]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202094451/https://www.archives.org.uk/careers/careers-in-archives.html|archive-date=2 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Students are expected to have relevant paid or voluntary [[work experience]] before obtaining a place on the UK courses, while professional certification (after qualifying) can be pursued via the Registration Scheme offered by the Archives and Records Association.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.org.uk/careers.html|title=Careers|website=[[Archives and Records Association]]|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212155238/https://www.archives.org.uk/careers.html|archive-date=12 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===United States===
The most common types of advanced degrees held by archivists are in [[archival science]], [[public history]], history, [[library science]], or [[library and information science]]. It is also possible for archivists to earn a doctorate in library and information science. Archivists with a PhD often work as teaching faculty, deans, or directors of archival programs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yakel and Bastian |first=Elizabeth and Jeannette |date=Fall–Winter 2007 |title=A*Census: Report on Archival Graduate Education |journal=American Archivist |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=349–366 |url=http://www.archivists.org/a-census/reports/YakelBastian-ACENSUS.pdf| access-date=4 April 2007}}</ref> In 2002, the [[Society of American Archivists]] published Guidelines for a Graduate Program in Archival Studies;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archivists.org/prof-education/ed_guidelines.asp#_ftn1 |title=Guidelines for a Graduate Program in Archival Studies |access-date=30 March 2007 |publisher=Society of American Archivists| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070406075051/http://www.archivists.org/prof-education/ed_guidelines.asp| archive-date= 6 April 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> it also promotes and disseminates a code of ethics,<ref>{{Cite web|title=SAA Core Values Statement and Code of Ethics |access-date=2015-09-01|publisher=Society of American Archivists|url=http://www2.archivists.org/statements/saa-core-values-statement-and-code-of-ethics}}</ref> which has undergone several revisions since it was first adopted in 1980.<ref name=Horn/>

The [[Academy of Certified Archivists]] offers supplemental archival training by means of a certification program.<ref>{{cite web|title=Academy of Certified Archivists|url=http://www.certifiedarchivists.org/|access-date=31 March 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110317200502/http://www.certifiedarchivists.org/| archive-date= 17 March 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> When first established in 1989, some critics of ACA certification objected to its annual membership fees, the theoretical versus practical nature of its tests, and the need for members to re-certify every five years. However, in the decades since, it has been agreed that such requirements are comparable with certification programs in other professions, and that certification strengthens professional standards and individual competencies. While some positions in archives require certification and many employers view certification as preferred, it is not required by all employers in the United States. Approximately 1,200+ archivists were certified by ACA, {{as of|2016|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.certifiedarchivists.org/about-us/presidents-address-2/|title=2016 President's Address {{!}} Welcome to the Academy of Certified Archivists|last=Jones|first=Louis|website=certifiedarchivists.org-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424141637/http://www.certifiedarchivists.org/about-us/presidents-address-2/|archive-date=24 April 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>

A history of women in the archival professions detailed the Committee on the Status of Women in the political, social and cultural context of feminism and its lasting effect on the field.<ref>Poole, Alex H. "Be Damned Pushy at Times": The Committee on the Status of Women and Feminism in the Archival Profession, 1972–1998." ''The American Archivist'' (2018) 81 (2): 394–437.</ref>