Editing Armagh (section)

===Early modern era===
[[File:The City of Armagh, view of College-street, taken from the road leading to the Observatory, 1835 (IA jstor-30004374) (page 1 crop).jpg|thumb|250px|A view of College Street in 1835, from the ''[[Dublin Penny Journal]]'']]
During the 16th century [[Tudor conquest of Ireland]], Armagh suffered greatly in the conflict between the English and the [[O'Neill dynasty|O'Neills]]. Armagh was strategically important as it lay between the [[English Pale]] and the O'Neill heartland of [[Tír Eoghain|Tyrone]], and the town changed hands many times during the wars.<ref name="quinn">Quinn, Kevin. [http://www.history-armagh.org/dox/210420110872.pdf "The Lost Castle of Armagh"]. ''History Armagh''.</ref> In the 1560s, English troops under [[Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex|Thomas Radclyffe]] occupied and fortified the town, which was then attacked and largely destroyed by [[Shane O'Neill (Irish chieftain)|Shane O'Neill]]. After the [[Battle of the Yellow Ford]] in 1598, the [[rout]]ed English army took refuge at Armagh before surrendering to [[Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone|Hugh O'Neill]].<ref name="quinn"/> By the end of the [[Nine Years' War (Ireland)|Nine Years' War]], Armagh lay in ruins, as shown on Richard Bartlett's 1601 map.<ref name="duffy"/>

Following the Nine Years' War, Armagh came under English dominance and the cathedral came under the control of the Protestant [[Church of Ireland]]. The cathedral was rebuilt under Archbishop [[Christopher Hampton (bishop)|Christopher Hampton]] and the town began to be settled by Protestants from Britain, as part of the [[Plantation of Ulster]]. During the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]], many British settlers fled to Armagh cathedral for safety. After negotiations with the besieged settlers, Catholic rebels under [[Felim O'Neill of Kinard|Felim O'Neill]] occupied the town. In May 1642, following several rebel defeats and massacres by settlers elsewhere, the rebels in Armagh seized the settlers' property and set fire to the town.<ref>Annaleigh Margey, Eamon Darcy, Elaine Murphy (editors). ''The 1641 Depositions and the Irish Rebellion''. Routledge, 2015. p.92</ref>