Editing Arrangement (section)

==== Piano music ====
In particular, music written for the [[piano]] has frequently undergone this treatment, as it has been arranged for orchestra, chamber ensemble, or [[concert band]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36011/arrangement Arrangement], Encyclopædia Britannica online</ref> [[Beethoven]] made an arrangement of his [[Piano Sonata No. 9 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No.'' ''9]] for [[string quartet]]. Conversely, he also arranged his ''[[Grosse Fuge]]'' (one of his [[Late string quartets (Beethoven)|late string quartets]]) for [[piano duet]]. The American composer [[George Gershwin]], due to his own lack of expertise in orchestration, had his ''[[Rhapsody in Blue]]'' arranged and orchestrated by [[Ferde Grofé]].<ref>Greenberg, Rodney. ''George Gershwin'', p. 66. Phaidon Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-7148-3504-8}}.</ref>

[[Erik Satie]] wrote his three ''[[Gymnopédies]]'' for solo piano in 1888.[[File:Satie Gymnopedie No. 3 for piano solo 01.wav|thumb|Satie Gymnopedie No.'' ''3 for piano solo]] [[File:Satie Gymnopedie No. 3 for piano solo 02.png|thumb|center|500px|Satie Gymnopedie No. 3 for piano solo]]

Eight years later, [[Debussy]] arranged two of them, exploiting the range of instrumental [[timbres]] available in a late 19th-century orchestra. "It was Debussy whose 1896 orchestrations of the Gymnopédies put their composer on the map."<ref>Taruskin, R. (2010, p. 70) ''The Oxford History of Western Music, Music in the early Twentieth Century''. [[Oxford University Press]].</ref>[[File:Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie’s Gymnopedie 3.wav|thumb|Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie's Gymnopedie 3.]] [[File:Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie’s Gymnopedie 3.png|thumb|center|500px]] [[File:Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie’s Gymnopedie 5.png|thumb|center|500px|Debussy Gymnopedie 1, arrangement of Satie's Gymnopedie 3]]

''[[Pictures at an Exhibition#Arrangements and interpretations|Pictures at an Exhibition]]'', a [[Suite (music)|suite]] of ten piano pieces by [[Modest Mussorgsky]], has been arranged over twenty times, notably by [[Maurice Ravel]].<ref>[[Pictures at an Exhibition#orchestral arrangements|Partial list of orchestral arrangements to Pictures at an Exhibition]]</ref> Ravel's arrangement demonstrates an "ability to create unexpected, memorable orchestral sonorities".<ref name="Orenstein, A. 2016, p. VIII">Orenstein, A. (2016, p. VIII. Preface to ''Mussorgsky-Ravel, Pictures at an Exhibition''. Miniature score, London, Eulenburg.</ref> In the second movement, "Gnomus", Mussorgsky's original piano piece simply repeats the following passage:[[File:Mussorgsky Gnomus original bars 19-24.wav|thumb|Mussorgsky Gnomus original bars'' ''19-24]] [[File:Mussorgsky Gnomus original bars 19-25.png|thumb|center|500px|Mussorgsky "Gnomus", original bars'' ''19–25]]Ravel initially orchestrates it as follows:[[File:Mussorgsky-Ravel Gnomus bars 19-24, first orchestraion 01.wav|thumb|Mussorgsky-Ravel "Gnomus", first orchestration]] [[File:Mussorgsky-Ravel Gnomus bars 19-24, first orchestraion 02.png|thumb|center|500px|Mussorgsky-Ravel "Gnomus", first orchestration]]

Repeating the passage, Ravel provides a fresh orchestration "this time with the [[celesta]] (replacing the [[Woodwind instrument|woodwinds]]) accompanied by string [[Glissando|glissandos]] on the [[fingerboard]]".<ref name="Orenstein, A. 2016, p. VIII"/>[[File:Mussorgsky-Ravel Gnomus bars 19-24, first orchestration 03.wav|thumb|Mussorgsky-Ravel Gnomus, second orchestration]] [[File:Mussorgsky-Ravel Gnomus bars 19-24, first orchestration 04.png|thumb|center|500px|Mussorgsky-Ravel "Gnomus", second orchestration]]