Editing Association fallacy (section)

== Galileo gambit ==
A form of the association fallacy often used by those denying a well-established scientific or historical proposition is the so-called '''Galileo gambit''' or '''Galileo fallacy'''.<ref name="Collins2012">{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Loren|title=Bullspotting: Finding Facts in the Age of Misinformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8gXvP3MCAqcC&pg=PT27|date=30 October 2012|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1-61614-635-1|pages=27–28}}</ref> The argument runs thus: [[Galileo]] was ridiculed in his time for his scientific observations, but was later acknowledged to be right; the proponent argues that since their non-mainstream views are provoking ridicule and rejection from other scientists, they will later be recognized as correct, like Galileo.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiana.edu/~c228/Fallacies.pdf | title=Recognizing Microstructural Fallacies | access-date=24 March 2014 | author=Amsden, Brian | pages=22 | archive-date=12 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712055955/http://www.indiana.edu/~c228/Fallacies.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> The gambit is flawed in that being ridiculed does not necessarily correlate with being right and that many people who have been ridiculed in history were, in fact, wrong.<ref name="Collins2012"/><ref>{{cite book |url=http://oracknows.blogspot.com/2005/03/galileo-gambit.html |date=28 March 2005 |title=The Galileo Gambit |last=Gorski |first=David |author-link=David Gorski |website=Respectful Insolence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228113627/http://oracknows.blogspot.com/2005/03/galileo-gambit.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[Carl Sagan]] opined that people laughed at such geniuses as [[Christopher Columbus]]{{Efn|The idea that Columbus proved that the Earth is spherical to his contemporaries is a historical misconception;<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Columbus, Christopher |date=2007-01-01 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea |editor-first=I. C. B. |editor-last=Dear |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199205684.001.0001/acref-9780199205684-e-633 |access-date=2024-11-17 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199205684.001.0001/acref-9780199205684-e-633 |isbn=978-0-19-920568-4 |editor2-last=Kemp |editor2-first=Peter}}</ref> see [[Myth of the flat Earth]].}} and the [[Wright brothers]], but "they also laughed at [[Bozo the Clown]]".<ref>{{cite book | title=The Yale Book of Quotations | publisher=Yale University Press | author=Shapiro, Fred R. | year=2006 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300107982/page/660 660] | isbn=9780300107982 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780300107982/page/660 }}</ref><ref name="Sagan1979">{{cite book|last=Sagan|first=Carl|title=Broca's Brain: Reflections on the Romance of Science|url=https://archive.org/details/brocasbrainrefle00sagarich|url-access=registration|year=1979|publisher=Random House|page=[https://archive.org/details/brocasbrainrefle00sagarich/page/64 64]|isbn=9780394501697 }}</ref> It is often committed by those whose theories reject common scientific consensus.<ref>{{Citation |last=Johnson |first=David Kyle |title=Galileo Gambit |date=2018-05-09 |work=Bad Arguments |pages=152–156 |editor-last=Arp |editor-first=Robert |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119165811.ch27 |access-date=2024-02-03 |edition=1 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119165811.ch27 |isbn=978-1-119-16578-1 |editor2-last=Barbone |editor2-first=Steven |editor3-last=Bruce |editor3-first=Michael|url-access=subscription }}</ref>