Editing Aswan (section)

== Geography ==
=== Northern Tropic boundary ===
The [[latitude]] of the city that would become Aswan – located at 24° 5′ 23″ – was an object of great interest to the ancient geographers and mathematicians.<ref name="Venturi">Venturi, Jacir J.. [https://www.educacional.com.br/articulistas/outrosOutros_artigo.asp?artigo=jacir0003 Eratóstenes e a Esfericidade da Terra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127203232/https://www.educacional.com.br/articulistas/outrosOutros_artigo.asp?artigo=jacir0003 |date=2022-01-27 }}. Revista Articulistas.[s/d].</ref> They believed that it was seated immediately under the [[Tropic of Cancer|tropic]], and that on the day of the [[summer solstice]], a vertically positioned staff cast no shadow.<ref name="Venturi"/> They noted that the sun's disc was reflected in a deep well (or pit) at noon.<ref name="Venturi"/> This statement is only approximately correct;<ref name="Venturi"/> at the summer solstice, the shadow was only {{frac|400}} of the staff, and so could scarcely be discerned, and the northern limb of the Sun's disc would be nearly vertical.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020|reason=Eratosthenes did not use any assumption in the latitude of Aswan, so if no other geographer from antiquity did, the whole paragraph should be removed}} More than 2200 years ago, Greek polymath [[Eratosthenes]] used this information to calculate [[Earth's circumference]].<ref name="Venturi"/>

=== Climate ===
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2011}}

Aswan has a [[hot desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'') like the rest of Egypt. Aswan and [[Luxor#Climate|Luxor]] have the hottest summer days of any city in [[climate of Egypt|Egypt]]. Aswan is one of the hottest, sunniest and driest cities in the world. Average high temperatures are consistently above {{convert|40|°C|1}} during summer (June, July, August and also September) while average low temperatures remain above {{convert|25|°C|1}}. Average high temperatures remain above {{convert|23|°C|1}} during the coldest month of the year while average low temperatures remain above {{convert|8|°C|1}}. Summers are very prolonged and extremely hot with blazing sunshine although desert heat is dry. Winters are brief and pleasantly mild, though nights may be cool at times.

The climate of Aswan is extremely dry year-round, with less than {{convert|1|mm|2|abbr=on}} of average annual precipitation. The desert city is one of the driest ones in the world, and rainfall does not occur every year; in early 2001, the last rain in Aswan had been seven years earlier. When heavy precipitation does occur, as in a November 2021 rain and hail storm, flash flooding can [[Aswan scorpion invasion|drive scorpions from their lairs]] to deadly effects.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-59274686|title=Egypt: Hundreds stung by scorpions after deadly floods in Aswan|work=BBC News|date=13 November 2021}}</ref> Aswan is one of the least humid cities on the planet, with an average relative humidity of only 26%, with a maximum mean of 42% during winter and a minimum mean of 16% during summer.

The weather of Aswan is extremely clear, bright and sunny year-round in all seasons, with low seasonal variation and almost 4,000 hours of annual sunshine – very close to the maximum theoretical sunshine duration. Aswan is one of the sunniest places on Earth.

The highest record temperature was {{convert|51|°C}} on July 4, 1918, and the lowest record temperature was {{convert|-2.4|°C}} on January 6, 1989.<ref name = meteoclimat/>

{{Weather box
|location = Aswan (1991–2020, extremes 1918–present)
|single line = y
|metric first = y
|Jan record high C = 35.3
|Feb record high C = 38.5
|Mar record high C = 44.0
|Apr record high C = 46.1
|May record high C = 47.8
|Jun record high C = 50.9
|Jul record high C = 51.0
|Aug record high C = 48.0
|Sep record high C = 47.8
|Oct record high C = 45.4
|Nov record high C = 42.2
|Dec record high C = 38.6
|year record high C = 51.0
|Jan high C = 23.2
|Feb high C = 25.9
|Mar high C = 30.3
|Apr high C = 35.5
|May high C = 39.5
|Jun high C = 41.6
|Jul high C = 41.9
|Aug high C = 41.9
|Sep high C = 40.0
|Oct high C = 36.4
|Nov high C = 29.8
|Dec high C = 24.5
|year high C = 34.2
|Jan mean C = 16.3
|Feb mean C = 18.6
|Mar mean C = 22.9
|Apr mean C = 28.0
|May mean C = 32.2
|Jun mean C = 34.4
|Jul mean C = 35.1
|Aug mean C = 35.0
|Sep mean C = 32.7
|Oct mean C = 29.2
|Nov mean C = 22.7
|Dec mean C = 17.6
|year mean C = 27.0
|Jan low C = 10.0
|Feb low C = 11.7
|Mar low C = 15.5
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 24.6
|Jun low C = 26.7
|Jul low C = 27.8
|Aug low C = 27.9
|Sep low C = 25.5
|Oct low C = 22.3
|Nov low C = 16.2
|Dec low C = 11.4
|year low C = 20.0
|Jan record low C = -2.4
|Feb record low C = 3.8
|Mar record low C = 5.0
|Apr record low C = 7.8
|May record low C = 13.4
|Jun record low C = 18.9
|Jul record low C = 20.0
|Aug record low C = 20.0
|Sep record low C = 16.1
|Oct record low C = 12.2
|Nov record low C = 6.1
|Dec record low C = 0.6
|year record low C = -2.4
|Jan rain mm = 0.1
|Feb rain mm = 0.0
|Mar rain mm = 0.6
|Apr rain mm = 0.3
|May rain mm = 0.1
|Jun rain mm = 0.0
|Jul rain mm = 0.0
|Aug rain mm = 0.0
|Sep rain mm = 0.1
|Oct rain mm = 0.7
|Nov rain mm = 0.0
|Dec rain mm = 0.1
|year rain mm = 2.0
|unit rain days = 1 mm
|Jan rain days = 0.0
|Feb rain days = 0.0
|Mar rain days = 0.1
|Apr rain days = 0.1
|May rain days = 0.0
|Jun rain days = 0.0
|Jul rain days = 0.0
|Aug rain days = 0.0
|Sep rain days = 0.0
|Oct rain days = 0.1
|Nov rain days = 0.0
|Dec rain days = 0.0
|year rain days = 0.4
|Jan humidity = 40
|Feb humidity = 32
|Mar humidity = 24
|Apr humidity = 19
|May humidity = 17
|Jun humidity = 16
|Jul humidity = 18
|Aug humidity = 21
|Sep humidity = 22
|Oct humidity = 27
|Nov humidity = 36
|Dec humidity = 42
|year humidity = 26.2
| Jan dew point C = 1.4
| Feb dew point C = 0.1
| Mar dew point C = 0.0
| Apr dew point C = 0.5
| May dew point C = 2.2
| Jun dew point C = 3.1
| Jul dew point C = 5.7
| Aug dew point C = 7.2
| Sep dew point C = 6.5
| Oct dew point C = 6.4
| Nov dew point C = 4.6
| Dec dew point C = 3.1
|Jan sun = 298.2
|Feb sun = 281.1
|Mar sun = 321.6
|Apr sun = 316.1
|May sun = 346.8
|Jun sun = 363.2
|Jul sun = 374.6
|Aug sun = 359.6
|Sep sun = 298.3
|Oct sun = 314.6
|Nov sun = 299.6
|Dec sun = 289.1
|year sun = 3862.8
|source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (humidity, dew point, sun 1961–1990)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230827043524/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Egypt/CSV/Asswan_62414.csv
| archive-date = 27 August 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Egypt/CSV/Asswan_62414.csv
| title = Asswan Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 27 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230827000151/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/UB/62405.TXT
| archive-date = 27 August 2023
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/UB/62414.TXT
| title = Asswan Climate Normals 1961–1990
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Reference Normals (1961–1990)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = January 30, 2015}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meteo Climat (record temperatures)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=532
| title = Station Aswan
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = April 26, 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190713123305/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/favicon.ico
| archive-date = July 13, 2019
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=62414&ano=2024&mes=6&day=08&hora=15&min=0&ndays=30|title= 62414: Asswan (Egypt)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 7 June 2024|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 29 June 2024|quote=}}</ref>
}}