Editing BAE Systems Hawk (section)

==Design==
[[File:RAF Hawk T1 4FTS Mildenhall 1984.JPEG|thumb|T1 Hawk at [[RAF Mildenhall]], Suffolk, 1984]] The Hawk is an advanced 2-seat trainer with a tandem cockpit, a low-mounted cantilever wing and is powered by a single [[jet engine|turbofan engine]]. The design team was led by [[Ralph Hooper]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Times|date=24 January 2023|page=49|title=Ralph Hooper (obituary)}}</ref> Unlike many of the previous trainers in RAF service, the Hawk was specifically designed for training.<ref name="field 834">Field 1976. p. 834.</ref> Hawker had developed the aircraft to have a high level of serviceability, as well as lower purchasing and operating costs than previous trainers like the [[Jet Provost]].<ref name="field 834-835">Field 1976. pp. 834–835.</ref> The Hawk has been praised by pilots for its agility, in particular its roll and turn handling.<ref name="field 842">Field 1976. p. 842.</ref>

The design of the fuselage included a height differential between the two seats of the cockpit; this provided generous levels of visibility for the instructor in the rear seat.<ref name="field 835">Field 1976. p. 835.</ref> Each cockpit is fitted with a [[Martin-Baker Mk.10|Martin-Baker Mk&nbsp;10B]] [[Zero-zero ejection seat|zero-zero]] rocket-assisted [[ejection seat]].<ref name="field 835"/> Air is fed to the aircraft's rear-mounted [[Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour]] engine via intakes on each of the forward [[wing root]]s. During the aircraft's development, Hawker had worked closely with Rolls-Royce to reduce the engine's fuel consumption and to ensure a high level of reliability.<ref name="field 834-835"/>

Even within the development stages, a Hawk variant was intended to also serve as a single-seat ground-attack fighter; both the trainer and fighter models were developed with the export market in mind.<ref name="field 834"/> On single seat models, the forward cockpit area which normally houses a pilot is replaced by an electronics bay for avionics and onboard systems, including a fire control computer, multi-mode radar, laser rangefinder and [[forward-looking infrared]] (FLIR).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=reE9YRnv2i0C "Hawk 200 faces a tougher market."] ''New Scientist'', 10 July 1986. p. 28.</ref> Some export customers, such as Malaysia, have extensive modifications to their aircraft, including the addition of wingtip hardpoint stations and a fittable inflight refuelling probe.<ref name="Polmar Bell 389">Polmar and Bell 2004, p. 389.</ref>

[[File:SAAF-BAE Hawk-Drogue parachute-001.ogv|thumb|[[South African Air Force|SAAF]] Hawk landing]]
The Hawk was designed to be manoeuvrable and can reach [[Mach number|Mach]]&nbsp;0.88 in level flight and Mach&nbsp;1.15 in a dive, thus allowing trainees to experience [[transonic]] flight before advancing to a [[supersonic]] trainer.<ref name="Donald_Encyclo">Donald, David ed. "British Aerospace (HS) Hawk", ''The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. {{ISBN|0-7607-0592-5}}.</ref><ref name="field 836">Field 1976. p. 836.</ref> The airframe is very durable and strong, stressed for +9&nbsp;[[g-force|g]]; the normal limit in RAF service is +7.5/-4&nbsp;g.<ref>Caliaro, Luigi. ''In flight with the Red Arrows'', A&D Magazine, May 1996, p. 51.</ref> A dual hydraulic system supplies power to operate systems such as the aircraft's flaps, airbrakes and landing gear, together with the flight controls. A [[ram air turbine]] is fitted in front of the single tail fin to provide backup hydraulic power for the flight controls in the event of an engine failure;<ref name="jawa03 p479-0">Jackson 2003, pp. 479–480.</ref> additionally, a [[gas turbine]] [[auxiliary power unit]] is housed directly above the engine.

The Hawk is designed to carry a centreline gun pod, such as the 30&nbsp;mm [[ADEN cannon]], two under-wing pylons, and up to four [[hardpoint]]s for fitting armaments and equipment.<ref name="field 834"/> In RAF service, Hawks have been equipped to operate the [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|Sidewinder]] [[air-to-air missile]]s. In the early 1990s, British Aerospace investigated the possibility of arming the Hawk with the [[Sea Eagle (missile)|Sea Eagle]] [[anti-ship missile]] for export customers.<ref>Phythian 2001, p. 181.</ref> In 2016, BAE Systems was developing the so-called 'Advanced Hawk' with a new wing using [[leading-edge slats]], and potentially additional sensors and weapons, a [[head-mounted display]], and a single large-screen display in the forward cockpit.<ref>Pocock, Chris. [http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-06-10/bae-systems-working-combat-hawk-jet-india "BAE Systems Working on ‘Advanced’ Hawk Jet for India."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613050614/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2016-06-10/bae-systems-working-combat-hawk-jet-india |date=13 June 2016 }} ''AIN Online'', 10 June 2016.</ref>
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