Editing Badby (section)

==History==
There are several [[mediaeval]] charters referring to the area around Badby, but some are suspect. The land around Badby and [[Newnham, Northamptonshire|Newnham]] changed hands frequently as the swirling forces of [[Mercia]] and the invading [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]] ebbed and flowed across middle England.

Badby and [[Newnham, Northamptonshire|Newnham]] manors were treated as one until the Knightleys sold [[Newnham, Northamptonshire|Newnham]] manor to the Thorntons of [[Brockhall, Northamptonshire|Brockhall]] in 1634. The church benefice has always been Badby with [[Newnham, Northamptonshire|Newnham]] (or Badby-cum-Newnham), [[Newnham, Northamptonshire|Newnham]] being a chapel of the parent church at Badby in the initial times, but for a few years was recorded as the main church. The shared rector or vicar arrangement goes back 750 years.

===Saxon===
Charters record that the land was given by a [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] sheriff (or shire reeve), Norman, to the [[Abbey of Croyland]] (or Crowland) around the year 726. To fund defence against the invading Danes around 871, Beorred seized it back and gave it to his army officers to secure their services.

In a charter dated 944, King [[Edmund I]] of England gave an estate comprising [[Dodford, Northamptonshire|Dodford]], [[Everdon]] and all of Badby with Newnham to [[Ælfric (bishop of Hereford)|Bishop Aelfric of Hereford]]. After Edmund's murder in 946, the estate was returned in 948 to Croyland by his brother, King [[Edred of England|Edred]] (or Aedred, Ædred, Edric) on the advice of [[Turketul]] (or Turketulus), his chancellor. Abbot Godric II<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06626c.htm Brief lives of two Godrics]</ref> of Croyland, to buy protection against the threatening Danes, leased Badby in 1006 for 100 years to Norman (or Northman), son of Leofwine, Earl of Leicester<ref>{{Cite book |last=Savage |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TrUHAAAAQAAJ&dq=Norman%2C+son+of+%5B%5BLeofwine%2C+Earl+of+Leicester%5D%5D+%28and+Chester&pg=PA94 |title=History of the hundred of Carhampton |date=1830 |publisher=Bristol |language=en}}</ref> (and Chester), a great military officer under King Edred.

The Danes attacked and prevailed in 1013 under their King [[Sweyn]] (or Sveyn), who died in 1014. He was eventually succeeded by his son [[Canute]] (or Cnut, Knud, Knut). In 1016 Norman was killed and in 1017 Edred was executed by King Canute. Canute thus acquired Badby and later transferred it to Norman's brother, the [[Leofric, Earl of Mercia|Earl Leofric of Mercia]], who had supported Canute and was married to the famous [[Godiva]] (or Godgifu). In turn, Earl Leofric gave the lordship of the manor of Badby and Newnham to the [[Evesham Abbey|Benedictine Abbey of Evesham]], for the remainder of the 100-year lease supposedly granted by Abbot Godric II of Croyland. This was ratified by King [[Canute]] in 1018. The Anglo-Saxons and the Danes began to settle together.

===Norman===
Then the Normans arrived. In their [[Domesday Book]]<ref>[http://opendomesday.org/place/SP5558/badby/ Domesday Book entry for Badby]</ref> of 1086, Badby is listed under the lands owned by Croyland Abbey, ignoring the lease to Evesham. Around 1124, as the lease had ended, elderly Abbot Joffrid of Croyland set about resolving with Evesham the ownership of Badby. The fire that burned down Croyland Abbey in 1091 destroyed any deeds, if they existed. Abbot Reginald of Evesham convinced Joffrid that Croyland had no claim. The retention by Evesham was confirmed in 1246 in a charter by King Henry III and again in 1330 by King Edward III after a court hearing.

[[Evesham Abbey]] built a [[moat]]ed [[monastic grange|grange]]<ref>[https://badbyvillage.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/parish2000badbyappraisal.pdf Parish Badby appraisal] see page 5 of Parish 2000 Badby Appraisal {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202041511/https://badbyvillage.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/parish2000badbyappraisal.pdf |date=2 December 2016 }}</ref> or farm headquarters 500 yards north-east of the church.<ref name = "Pevsner"/> The house was built by the notorious Abbot [[Roger Norreys]] in 1189. He was a well known womaniser who was exiled to the small and distant priory of Penwortham in 1213.<ref name = "Knowles">{{cite book| last=Knowles| first=Dom David| title=The Monastic Order in England: A History of Its Development from the Times of St Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council 940-1216| year=2004| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> In 1246 [[Henry III of England|King Henry III]] granted [[free warren]] within Badby Wood and authorised the formation of a deer park<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.walkingworld.com/Articles/Pathways/Historic-woodlands.aspx|title=Walkingworld - Historic woodlands}}</ref> for hunting and food. The enclosing embankments and ditches of the deer park still exist to the east of the village. [[Archeological]] excavations of the grange site in 1965-69 identified work from the 13th to 16th centuries. Three bakehouses were added in the 1350s; its hall and chapel were renovated in the 1380s. It continued in a variety of uses after the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolution]] of the abbey during the [[Protestant Reformation]]. The grange finally tumbled down in 1722. Its remains lie hidden in a thicket at 52.227734, -1.177539 which unfortunately developed after the excavations ended.

In 1316, there was no Abbot in post, so [[Edward II of England|King Edward II]] appointed Thomas de Evesham, one of his Chancery clerks, as rector of the benefice. The licence, which moved more control of, and finance from, Badby and Newnham to the Abbot of Evesham, was effected through [[Pope John XXII]] with [[Henry Berghersh]], [[Bishop of Lincoln]]. It was in 1343 that the endowment for a vicar was laid down in a [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]] diocesan document ''Ordinacio Vicarie in Ecclesia de Baddeby; 1343'', and Reginald Musard became the first vicar.

===Ecclesiastical===
[[File:ThomasNewboldInitials.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Initials of Thomas Newbold, Abbot of Evesham (1491-1514) Stained glass c. 1500 St Mary, Badby]]

Since its foundation in 709, [[Evesham Abbey]] had successfully developed an independent existence. It could not avoid being dissolved in November 1539, during the Protestant Reformation and founding of the [[Church of England]].

In the 9th century, the parish was in the [[Mercian Diocese of Dorchester|Diocese of Dorchester]] (Oxon), a safer location adopted by an earlier [[Bishop of Leicester]] to avoid the invading Danes. The seat was moved to Lincoln in 1073 by [[Remigius de Fécamp|Remigius]]. Lincoln Diocese was itself split on 4 September 1541 and Badby church, in Daventry deanery, came within the new but poorly endowed [[Anglican Diocese of Peterborough|Diocese of Peterborough]], in which it remains. It is now closer to six other cathedrals of the [[Church of England]], which are, in order of distance: [[Coventry Cathedral|Coventry]], [[Leicester Cathedral|Leicester]], [[Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford|Oxford]], [[St. Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham|Birmingham]], [[Lichfield Cathedral|Lichfield]] and [[Worcester Cathedral|Worcester]].

===Later times===
[[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] granted the manors of Badby and Newnham in 1542 to Sir Edmund Knightley<ref>[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/EdmundKnightley.htm Sir Edmund Knightley]</ref> and his wife Ursula and their heirs. The dower house in [[Fawsley]] Park, last inhabited in 1704, is now in ruins. It was built for Lady Ursula after Sir Edmund died. There was considerable unrest in the parish in the last 20 years of the 16th century, when Valentine Knightley attempted to transfer much area of arable to pasture and to restrict tenants’ rights to woodland. Several tenant families, despite being [[Puritans]] like Knightley, used aggressive action as well as national legal arbitration to protect their rights. The manor lands and courts were dissolved in the early 20th century.

In 1546 the rectorship and patronage of Badby and Newnham were passed to [[Christ Church, Oxford]]. It remained with Christ Church, Oxford, except for disruption by the Commonwealth, until 1919, when the [[Bishop of Peterborough]] became the patron.

===The Root(e) family===
The Root(e) family is listed as one of the early settlers in  “A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, before 1692”. We often receive enquiries, especially from America about the family.

There are no monuments, gravestones nor descendants of the family that we can identify in Badby village today. The 17th century parish records record births, baptisms, marriages and burials of a few members of the family. The records are now housed at the Northamptonshire Records Office.<ref>[http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/en/councilservices/community/archives/pages/northamptonshire-record-office-archives.aspx Northamptonshire Records Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007064551/http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/en/councilservices/Community/archives/Pages/northamptonshire-record-office-archives.aspx |date=7 October 2015 }}</ref>

Below are the results of research by former resident Cristine Orr. Thomas Roote married in [[Milton Malsor]]. This Thomas had a field and house in Badby in 1597, but gave it up in 1606. His son John was born in Milton Malsor probably in 1570. Badby registers show:
*27 July 1600 - John Roote married Ann Rushall at Badby. The Rushall name also appears as Russall and later as Russell in different entries
*21 December 1600 - Marie, daughter of John & Ann Roote was baptized (Most records indicate her name was Mary, but the actual parish records are very illegible).
*18 October 1603 - Susanna, daughter of John & Ann Roote was baptised
*16 January 1605 - Thomas, son of John & Ann Roote was baptised. Thomas went to U.S.A. in 1637
*26 February 1608 - John, son of John & Ann Roote. John also went to U.S.A. in 1637. 
*5 April 1609 - Thomas Roote was buried on 5 April 1609 in Badby.

NOTE: Arthur Louis Finnell, CGRS, of the National Huguenot Society states this about Thomas and Ann Routes (Roote)'s son: "JOHN b. 1575; m 1600 Badby, England to Mary Russell. Listed in 1598 as an alien in London." To be a bonafide Huguenot, a person must have left France after 10 Dec 1520 and before 28 Nov 1787, suggesting Thomas Routtes was born in France, likely in 1555, and fled to Badby to escape Catholic persecution.

NOTE2: The above Huguenot origins are in question. It is now being considered that Thomas was a son of Lawrence Roote of Milton Malsor and evidence to this is currently being researched.