Editing Banknote (section)

===Paper banknotes===
[[File:US-$100-FRN-1928-Fr.2150-G.jpg|thumb|right |Obverse and reverse of an old American $100 note (1928)]]
Until recently, most banknotes were made from [[cotton paper]] with a weight of 80 to 90&nbsp;grams per square meter. The cotton is sometimes mixed with [[linen]], [[abaca]], or other textile fibres. Generally, the paper used is different from ordinary paper: it is much more resilient, resists wear and tear (the average life of a paper banknote is two years),<ref name="DeLaRue">{{cite web |url=http://www.delarue.com/ProductsSolutions/BanknoteProduction/TheBanknoteLifecyc/ |title=The Banknote Lifecycle – from Design to Destruction |website=De La Rue |url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513043414/http://www.delarue.com/ProductsSolutions/BanknoteProduction/TheBanknoteLifecyc/ |archive-date=2012-05-13}}</ref> and also does not contain the usual agents that make ordinary paper glow slightly under [[ultraviolet]] light. Unlike most printing and writing paper, banknote paper is infused with polyvinyl alcohol or gelatin, instead of water, to give it extra strength. Early Chinese banknotes were printed on paper made of [[mulberry]] bark. Mitsumata (''[[Edgeworthia chrysantha]]'') and other fibers are used in Japanese banknote paper<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.npb.go.jp/en/intro/seizou.html |publisher=[Japanese] National Printing Bureau |title=Banknote Production Process |website=www.npb.go.jp |access-date=16 April 2018 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417012136/http://www.npb.go.jp/en/intro/seizou.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (a kind of [[Washi]]).

Most banknotes are made using the mould-made process, in which a [[watermark]] and thread are incorporated during the paper forming process. The thread is a simple-looking security component found in most banknotes. It is, however, often rather complex in construction, comprising fluorescent, magnetic, metallic, and microprint elements. By combining it with watermarking technology, the thread can be made to surface periodically on one side only. This is known as windowed thread and further increases the counterfeit resistance of the banknote paper. This process was invented by Portals, part of the [[De La Rue]] group in the UK. Other related methods include watermarking to reduce the number of corner folds by strengthening this part of the note. Varnishing and coatings reduce the accumulation of dirt on the note for longer durability in circulation.

[[File:Rupiah Tahun Emisi 2022.jpg|thumb|Many currencies, such as the [[Indonesian rupiah]], vary the sizes of their banknotes by denomination. This is done so that they may be told apart through touch alone.{{cn|date=December 2022}}]]

Another security feature is based on windows in the paper, which are covered by [[hologram|holographic foils]] to make it very hard to copy. Such technology is applied as a ''portrait window'' for the higher denominations of the Europa series (ES2) of the [[euro]] banknotes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/security/html/index.en.html|title=Security features. Europa series €100 banknote|access-date=2019-07-11|website=European Central Bank|year=2019|archive-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112065935/https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/security/html/index.en.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Windows are also used with the Hybrid substrate from [[Giesecke+Devrient]] which is composed of an inner layer of paper substrate with thin outer layers of plastic film for high durability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.louisenthal.com/language/en/home/specials/hybrid/|title=Hybrid Banknote Substrate|access-date=2019-07-11|website=Papierfabrik Louisenthal|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413233317/https://www.louisenthal.com/language/en/home/specials/hybrid/|url-status=live}}</ref>