Editing Bashkir language (section)

==Orthography==
{{Main|Bashkir alphabet}}
[[File:Inscription in Ufa Airport.jpg|thumb|Trilingual sign in [[Ufa International Airport|Ufa Airport]] in Bashkir, Russian and English]]
[[File:KB Bashkir.svg|thumb|Bashkir keyboard layout]]
After the adoption of [[Islam]], which [[Bashkirs#Religion|began in the 10th century]] and lasted for several centuries, the Bashkirs began to use [[Turki]] as a written language. Turki was written in a variant of the [[Arabic script]].

In 1923, a writing system based on the [[Arabic script]] was specifically created for the Bashkir language. At the same time, the Bashkir literary language was created, moving away from the older written Turkic influences. At first, it used a modified Arabic [[alphabet]]. In 1930 it was replaced with the [[Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet]], which was in turn replaced with an adapted [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] alphabet in 1939.

The modern alphabet used by Bashkir is based on the [[Russian alphabet]], with the addition of the following letters: [[Ә|Ә ә]] {{IPAslink|æ}}, [[Ө|Ө ө]] {{IPAslink|ø}}, [[Ү|Ү ү]] {{IPAslink|ʏ}}, [[Ғ|Ғ ғ]] {{IPAslink|ʁ}}, [[Ҡ|Ҡ ҡ]] {{IPAslink|q}}, [[Ң|Ң ң]] {{IPAslink|ŋ}}, [[Ҙ|Ҙ ҙ]] {{IPAslink|ð}}, [[Ҫ|Ҫ ҫ]] {{IPAslink|θ}}, [[Һ|Һ һ]] {{IPAslink|h}}.<ref name="Ufa" />
{| style="text-align:center; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Б б
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Г г
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ғ ғ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Д д
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ҙ ҙ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | З з
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ҡ ҡ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Л л
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Н н
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ң ң
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ө ө
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ҫ ҫ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | У у
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ү ү
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Х х
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Һ һ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Э э
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ә ә
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Я я
|
|
|
|}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" summary="Bashkir Cyrillic letters, their names, and pronunciation in IPA and X-SAMPA"
|+ Letters of the Bashkir Cyrillic alphabet
|- valign="top"
! Cyrillic version 
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
! Notes
|- valign="top"
| [[А]]а|| {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, {{IPA|[a]}}||"A" is usually pronounced as {{IPA|[ɑ]}} in all syllables except last, in last syllable it is pronounced as {{IPA|[a]}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[Б]]б|| {{IPA|[b]}}, {{IPA|[β]}}||{{IPA|[β]}} is the [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocal]] allophone.
|- valign="top"
| [[В]]в|| {{IPA|[v]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}|| {{IPA|[v]}} in Russian loanwords, {{IPA|[w]}} in Arabic and Persian loanwords.
|- valign="top"
|Гг
|{{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Ғ]]ғ|| {{IPA|[ʁ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Д]]д|| {{IPA|[d]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ҙ]]ҙ|| {{IPA|[ð]}} ||
|- valign="top"
| [[Е]]е||  {{IPA|[jɪ]}}, {{IPA|[ɪ]}}|| The letter is [[Iotation|iotated]] at the beginning of a word, after a vowel or after a [[Soft sign|soft]] or [[hard sign]]. 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ё]]ё|| {{IPA|[jɔ]}} || Only used in Russian loanwords.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ж]]ж|| {{IPA|[ʐ]}}|| Only occurs in loanwords and onomatopoeia.
|- valign="top" 
| [[З]]з|| {{IPA|[z]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[И]]и|| {{IPA|[i], [ij]}}|| Occurs only in the first syllable. In most other contexts, especially in open syllables, it is an underlying /ij/, for example in words like ти [tij]/[tɪj]. Hence why the suffixes use the /ð/ consonant following this vowel, unlike /l/ after other vowels: тиҙәр (tiźär) /tijˈðær/, but not тиләр (tilär).
|- valign="top"
| [[Й]]й|| {{IPA|[j]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[К]]к|| {{IPA|[k]}} || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Ҡ]]ҡ|| {{IPA|[q]}}|| 
|- valign="top"
| [[Л]]л|| {{IPA|[l]}}, {{IPA|[ɫ]}}|| In front vowel contexts occurs as apical {{IPAblink|ɭ|l}}, in back vowel contexts occurs as {{IPAblink|ɫ}}. 
|- valign="top" 
| [[М]]м|| {{IPA|[m]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Н]]н|| {{IPA|[n]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ң]]ң||{{IPA|[ŋ]}}, {{IPA|[ɴ]}}|| In front vowel contexts occurs as {{IPAblink|ŋ}}, in back vowel contexts occurs as {{IPAblink|ɴ}}.
|- valign="top"=
| [[О]]о|| {{IPA|[ʊ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ө]]ө|| {{IPA|[ø]}}, [y]||Shifts to [y] in vicinity of [j]: өйҙә (öyźä) [yjˈðä]
|- valign="top" 
| [[П]]п|| {{IPA|[p]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Р]]р|| {{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|[ɾ]}}||{{IPA|[ɾ]}} is the [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocal]] allophone.
|- valign="top" 
| [[С]]с|| {{IPA|[s] }} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ҫ]]ҫ|| {{IPA|[θ]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Т]]т|| {{IPA|[t]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[У]]у|| {{IPA|[u]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}|| rowspan="2" | These two letters are used for {{IPA|/w/}} phoneme when they are written after a back or front vowel respectively. As the vowel phoneme, they can only occur in the first syllable. Therefore if these letters are not in the first syllable, they occur after a vowel and are pronounced as /w/.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ү]]ү|| {{IPA|[ʏ]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Ф]]ф|| {{IPA|[ɸ]}} || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Х]]х|| {{IPA|[χ]}} || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Һ]]һ|| {{IPA|[h]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ц]]ц|| {{IPA|[ts]}}  || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Ч]]ч|| {{IPA|[tɕ]}}  || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ш]]ш|| {{IPA|[ʂ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Щ]]щ|| {{IPA|[ɕː]}}||Only occurs in loanwords.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ъ]]ъ|| {{IPA|[ʔ]}}|| Only occurs in back vowel contexts (except loanwords). Indicates a [[glottal stop]] if placed after a vowel, acts as a syllable separator if placed after a consonant.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ы]]ы|| {{IPA|[ɯ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ь]]ь|| {{IPA|[ʔ]}}||Only occurs in front vowel contexts (except loanwords). Indicates a [[glottal stop]] if placed after a vowel, acts as a syllable separator if placed after a consonant.
|- valign="top"
| [[Э]]э|| {{IPA|[ɪ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ә]]ә|| {{IPA|[æ]}} ||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ю]]ю|| {{IPA|[ju]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Я]]я|| {{IPA|[jɑ]}}, {{IPA|[ja]}} ||
|}

Bashkir Latin alphabet based on the [[Common Turkic alphabet]]
{| style="text-align:center; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |A a
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ä ä
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |B b
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |C c
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ç ç
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |D d
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |E e
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |F f
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |G g
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ğ ğ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |H h
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |X x
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |I ı
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |İ i
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |J j
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |K k
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Q q
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |L l
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |M m
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |N n
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ñ ñ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |O o
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ö ö
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |P p
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |R r
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |S s
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ś ś
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ş ş
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |T t
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |U u
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ü ü
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |V v
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |W w
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Y y
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Z z
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ź ź
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Letter Comparison
!'''Latin'''
!Cyrillic
|-
|A a
|А а
|-
|Ä ä
|Ә ә
|-
|B b
|Б б
|-
|C c
| -дж-
|-
|Ç ç
|Ч ч / Щ щ
|-
|D d
|Д д
|-
|Ź ź
|Ҙ ҙ
|-
|E e
|Э э
|-
|F f
|Ф ф
|-
|G g
|Г г
|-
|Ğ ğ
|Ғ ғ
|-
|H h
|Һ һ
|-
|X x
|Х х
|-
|I ı
|Ы ы
|-
|İ i
|И и
|-
|J j
|Ж ж
|-
|K k
|К к
|-
|Q q
|Ҡ ҡ
|-
|L l
|Л л
|-
|M m
|М м
|-
|N n
|Н н
|-
|Ñ ñ
|Ң ң
|-
|O o
|О о
|-
|Ö ö
|Ө ө
|-
|P p
|П п
|-
|R r
|Р р
|-
|S s
|С с
|-
|Ş ş
|Ш ш
|-
|T t
|Т т
|-
|Ś ś
|Ҫ ҫ
|-
|U u
|У у
|-
|Ü ü
|Ү ү
|-
|V v
|В в
|-
|W w
|У у / Ү ү (consonant variants)
|-
|Y y
|Й й
|-
|Z z
|З з
|}