Editing Bat Ye'or (section)

==Eurabia conspiracy theory==
{{Main|Eurabia conspiracy theory}}
[[File:Bat Ye'or in 2014 b.png|thumb|Bat Ye'or speaking at a [[Christian Solidarity International]] conference in 2014]]
Ye'or's books ''Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis'' (2005) and ''Europe, Globalization, and the Coming of the Universal Caliphate'' (2011) originated the [[Eurabia conspiracy theory]], which alleged a relationship from the 1970s onwards between the [[European Union]] (previously the [[European Economic Community]]) and the [[Arab world|Arab states]].

===Reception===
The notion of "Eurabia" has been dismissed as a conspiracy theory by academics and other commentators.<ref name= MorgEur /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fekete|first=Liz|title=The Muslim conspiracy theory and the Oslo massacre|journal=Race & Class|volume=53|issue=3|year= 2012 |pages=30–47|doi= 10.1177/0306396811425984|s2cid= 146443283}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Carland|first=Susan|title=Islamophobia, fear of loss of freedom, and the Muslim woman|journal=Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations |volume=22|issue=4|year= 2011|pages=469–73|doi= 10.1080/09596410.2011.606192|s2cid= 145063957}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=David Lagerlöf|author2-link=Jonathan Leman|author2=Jonathan Leman|author3-link=Alexander Bengtsson|author3=Alexander Bengtsson|url= http://expo.se/www/download/research_the_anti_muslim_environment_final.pdf|title=The Anti-Muslim Environment&nbsp;– The ideas, the Profiles and the Concept |publisher=[[Expo (magazine) |Expo Research]]|location=Stockholm|year=2011|access-date=8 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503092912/http://expo.se/www/download/research_the_anti_muslim_environment_final.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Shooman|first=Yasemin|author2=Spielhaus, Riem|editor= Jocelyne Cesari|encyclopedia= Muslims in the West after 9/11: religion, politics, and law|title=The concept of the Muslim enemy in the public discourse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OH3G0VESQsC&pg=PA198 |year=2010|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-77654-7 |pages= 198–228|access-date=16 March 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140830083133/http://books.google.com/books?id=6OH3G0VESQsC&pg=PA198|archive-date=30 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Fekete|first=Liz|title=Enlightened fundamentalism? Immigration, feminism and the Right|journal=Race & Class|volume=48|issue=1|year=2006|pages=1–22|doi= 10.1177/0306396806069519|s2cid= 145578004}}</ref><ref name=Kundnani /><ref name="carr"/> For example, writing in ''[[Race & Class]]'' in 2006, author and freelance journalist Matt Carr states, "In order to accept Ye'or's ridiculous thesis, it is necessary to believe not only in the existence of a concerted Islamic plot to subjugate Europe, involving all Arab governments, whether 'Islamic' or not, but also to credit a secret and unelected parliamentary body with the astounding ability to transform all Europe's major political, economic and cultural institutions into subservient instruments of 'jihad' without any of the continent's press or elected institutions being aware of it."<ref name="carr"/>

Carr argues that Bat Ye'or is the "main inspiration" for many conspiracy theories current on the far-right. Furthermore, Carr notes that "[s]tripped of its Islamic content, the broad contours of Ye'or's preposterous thesis [in ''Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis''] recall the anti-Semitic conspiracy theories of the first half of the twentieth century and contemporary notions of the '[[Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory|Zionist Occupation Government]]' prevalent in [[far-right politics|far-right circles]] in the US".<ref name="carr">{{cite journal|author=Matt Carr|date=July 2006|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306396806066636|title=You are now entering Eurabia|journal= [[Race & Class]]|volume=48|issue= 1|pages=1–22|doi= 10.1177/0306396806066636|s2cid= 145303405|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He notes further that Bat Ye'or's analysis is driven by a contempt of "Islam's celebrated cultural achievements" and a view of Islam as a "perennially barbaric, parasitic and oppressive religion".

In a ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'' interview, referring to ''Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis'' the Jewish British historian [[Martin Gilbert]] stated "I've read Bat Yeor's book. I know her and have a great respect for her sense of anguish…  I'm saying that her book&nbsp;– which is 100 percent accurate&nbsp;– is an alarm call that will ultimately prevent what she's warning about from taking place."<ref>{{cite web|url= http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1171894492801&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |title=One on One with Sir Martin Gilbert: Hindsight and aforethought |author=Ruthie Blum |date=22 February 2007|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111209073034/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1171894492801&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter |archive-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>

[[Bruce Bawer]], writing in ''[[The Hudson Review]]'' on ''Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis'', wrote that "[n]o book explains the European Muslim situation, in all its complexity, more ably," "[i]t's hard to overstate this book's importance…  Eurabia is eye-opening and required reading for anyone seriously interested in understanding Europe's current predicament and its probable fate."<ref>{{cite web |last=Bawer |first=Bruce |title=Crisis in Europe |work=The Hudson Review |volume=58 |issue=4 |date=Winter 2006 |url= http://www.hudsonreview.com/bawerWi06.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125163625/http://www.hudsonreview.com/bawerWi06.html |archive-date=25 January 2013}}</ref>

According to [[Daniel Pipes]], "Bat Ye'or has traced a nearly secret history of Europe over the past thirty years, convincingly showing how the Euro-Arab Dialogue has blossomed from a minor discussion group into the engine for the continent's Islamization. In delineating this phenomenon, she also provides the intellectual resources with which to resist it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pipes |first=Daniel |title=Eurabia: The Euro-Arab Axis |publisher= [[Fairleigh Dickinson University]] |date=January 2005 |url= http://www.fdupress.org/book_descriptions/0838640761.html |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120321115012/http://www.fdupress.org/book_descriptions/0838640761.html |archive-date=21 March 2012}}</ref>

According to historian [[Niall Ferguson]], "future historians will one day regard her coinage of the term 'Eurabia' as prophetic. Those who wish to live in a free society must be eternally vigilant. Bat Ye'or's vigilance is unrivalled."<ref>{{cite news|journal=[[London Review of Books]] |pages=18|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n20/thomas-jones/short-cuts |title=Short Cuts|author=Thomas Jones|date= 2005-10-20|access-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805142412/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v27/n20/thomas-jones/short-cuts|archive-date=5 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Jewish British writer [[David Pryce-Jones]] called her a "[[Cassandra]], a brave and far-sighted spirit."<ref name= Pryce-Jones>[[David Pryce-Jones|Pryce-Jones, David]]. "[http://www2.fdu.edu/fdupress/05102806review.html Captive continent] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215626/http://www2.fdu.edu/fdupress/05102806review.html |date=26 September 2007 }}", ''National Review'', 9 May 2005</ref>

Ye'or's Eurabia theory gathered additional media attention when it was quoted and praised by the perpetrator of the [[2011 Norway attacks|2011 Norway massacre]] [[Anders Behring Breivik]] in his manifesto released on the day of the attacks.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zia-Ebrahimi |first1=Reza |title=When the Elders of Zion relocated to Eurabia: conspiratorial racialization in antisemitism and Islamophobia |journal=Patterns of Prejudice |volume=52 |issue=4 |date=13 July 2018 |pages=314–37 |doi= 10.1080/0031322X.2018.1493876|s2cid=148601759 |url= https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/when-the-elders-of-zion-relocated-to-eurabia(a7b5707f-eed2-4cf6-9568-a35db586bdf8).html }}</ref> Ye'or expressed regret that Breivik took inspiration from her writings.<ref>"Of course I regret if this man took inspiration from what I wrote or from what other writers wrote," she said Monday in an interview with the Associated Press. […] But she warned that her ideas, and those of fellow authors and leaders on the anti-Muslim right, could continue to have violent repercussions if Mr. Breivik proves influential. "I'm afraid that this is something that other people will imitate." {{cite news|last= Saunders|first=Doug|title= 'Eurabia' opponents scramble for distance from anti-Muslim murderer |work=The Globe and Mail|date=25 July 2011|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/eurabia-opponents-scramble-for-distance-from-anti-muslim-murderer/article588254/ |access-date=24 August 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180409172307/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/eurabia-opponents-scramble-for-distance-from-anti-muslim-murderer/article588254/|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status= live}}</ref> Breivik has later admitted that he in reality is a neo-Nazi, who only in later years exploited counter-jihad writings.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.nettavisen.no/artikkel/breivik-jeg-leste-hitlers-mein-kampf-da-jeg-var-14-ar/s/12-95-3423203669|title=Breivik: - Jeg leste Hitlers Mein Kampf da jeg var 14 år |date=16 March 2016|work=Nettavisen|language=no}}</ref>

In a ''[[Haaretz]]'' profile, Adi Schwartz likened her book on Eurabia to the [[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]<!--The book's text states that Adi Schwartz called it "Protocols of the Elders of Brussels" ... The text states: "referred to her 2005 Eurabia monograph as “The Protocols of the Elders of Brussels,”" - But Schwartz is comparing it to Protocols of the Elders of Zion, using "Brussels" to compare it to -->.<ref>Singre Bangstad, 'Bat Ye'or and Eurabia,' in Mark Sedgwick (ed.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=UUSCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT278 ''Key Thinkers of the Radical Right: Behind the New Threat to Liberal Democracy,''] Oxford University Press, 2019 {{isbn|978-0-190-87761-3}} pp. 170–83; p.170. [https://academic.oup.com/book/25370/chapter/192453545 Available from] [[Oxford Academic]]</ref>

"Eurabia: The Euro Arab Axis" has been cited as a probable inspiration for [[Renaud Camus]]'s [[Great Replacement]] conspiracy theory.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://onlysky.media/eiynah/the-great-replacement-how-new-atheists-legitimized-and-spread-a-white-nationalist-conspiracy-theory/|title='The Great Replacement': How New Atheists spread a white nationalist theory|date=29 July 2022|website=OnlySky Media}}</ref>