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Bertrand paradox (probability)
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==Physical experiments== "Method 2" is the only solution that fulfills the transformation invariants that are present in certain physical systems—such as in statistical mechanics and gas physics—in the specific case of Jaynes's proposed experiment of throwing straws from a distance onto a small circle. Nevertheless, one can design other practical experiments that give answers according to the other methods. For example, in order to arrive at the solution of "method 1", the ''random endpoints'' method, one can affix a spinner to the center of the circle, and let the results of two independent spins mark the endpoints of the chord. In order to arrive at the solution of "method 3", one could cover the circle with molasses and mark the first point that a fly lands on as the midpoint of the chord.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gardner |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Gardner |title=The Second Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1987 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/2ndscientificame00gard/page/223 223β226] |isbn=978-0-226-28253-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/2ndscientificame00gard/page/223 }} </ref> Several observers have designed experiments in order to obtain the different solutions and verified the results empirically.<ref>{{Citation |last=Tissler |first=P.E. |title=Bertrand's Paradox |journal=[[The Mathematical Gazette]] |publisher=The Mathematical Association |volume=68 |issue=443 |date=March 1984 |pages=15β19 |doi=10.2307/3615385 |jstor=3615385 |s2cid=158690181 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Kac |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Kac |title=Marginalia: more on randomness |journal=[[American Scientist]] |volume=72 |issue=3 |date=MayβJune 1984 |pages=282β283 }}</ref><ref name=Drory/>
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