Editing Betweenness problem (section)

==Applications==
One application of betweenness arises in [[bioinformatics]], as part of the process of [[gene mapping]]. Certain types of genetic experiments can be used to determine the ordering of triples of genetic markers, but do not distinguish a genetic sequence from its reversal, so the information yielded from such an experiment determines only which one out of three markers is the middle one. The betweenness problem is an abstraction of the problem of assembling a collection of markers into a single sequence given experimental data of this type.<ref name="cs98"/><ref name="sksl97"/>

The betweenness problem has also been used to model theories of [[probability]], [[causality]], and [[time]].<ref>{{citation
 | last1 = Chvátal | first1 = Vašek | author1-link = Václav Chvátal
 | last2 = Wu | first2 = Baoyindureng
 | doi = 10.1007/s10670-011-9321-z
 | issue = 1
 | journal = Erkenntnis
 | pages = 41–48
 | title = On Reichenbach's causal betweenness
 | volume = 76
 | year = 2011| arxiv = 0902.1763| s2cid = 14123568 }}.</ref>