Editing Biochip (section)

== Types of Biotechnology Chips ==
There are several types of biotechnology chips, each designed for specific applications. The primary types include:

=== DNA Microarrays ===
DNA microarrays are perhaps the most widely used biotechnology chips. They consist of a grid of thousands of tiny DNA probes that can bind to specific DNA sequences. Researchers use DNA microarrays to detect gene expression, analyze genetic variation, and explore gene function.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jain |first=Kewal K. |date=May 2004 |title=Applications of biochips: from diagnostics to personalized medicine |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15216931/ |journal=Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=285–289 |issn=1367-6733 |pmid=15216931}}</ref>

=== Protein Chips ===
Protein chips (also known as ''proteomics chips'') are designed to detect and analyze proteins. These chips contain arrays of immobilized proteins or antibodies, which can be used for profiling protein interactions, identification, and quantification.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Aparna |first1=G. M. |last2=Tetala |first2=Kishore K. R. |date=April 2023 |title=Recent Progress in Development and Application of DNA, Protein, Peptide, Glycan, Antibody, and Aptamer Microarrays |journal=Biomolecules |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=602 |doi=10.3390/biom13040602 |doi-access=free |pmid=37189350 |pmc=10135839 |issn=2218-273X}}</ref>

=== Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) ===
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices integrate multiple laboratory functions into a single chip. These chips incorporate sample preparation, reaction, analysis, and detection into one compact platform. LOC devices are used for clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and chemical analysis.

=== Cell Chips ===
Cell chips are designed to grow and analyze living cells. They provide a platform for studying cellular behavior, drug interactions, and cell signaling. These chips allow high-throughput screening of potential drugs and treatments for various diseases

=== Microfluidic Chips ===
Microfluidic chips manipulate tiny amounts of liquids and gases in channels with micro-scale dimensions. These chips are used for a variety of biological applications, including PCR amplification, cell sorting, and [[DNA sequencing]]