Editing Blood bank (section)

===Expansion===
[[File:A A Bogdanov.jpg|thumb|[[Alexander Bogdanov]] established a scientific institute to research the effects of blood transfusion in Moscow, 1925.]]

The world's first blood donor service was established in 1921 by the secretary of the [[British Red Cross]], [[Percy Lane Oliver]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Macqueen |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0_Vqz-V_T8C |title=The Great Ormond Street Hospital Manual of Children's Nursing Practices |author2=Bruce |first2=Elizabeth |author3=Gibson |first3=Faith |author-link3=Faith Gibson |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2012 |isbn=9781118274224 |page=75}}</ref> Volunteers were subjected to a series of physical tests to establish their [[blood group]]. The [[National Blood Service|London Blood Transfusion Service]] was free of charge and expanded rapidly. By 1925, it was providing services for almost 500 patients and it was incorporated into the structure of the British Red Cross in 1926. Similar systems were established in other cities including [[Sheffield]], [[Manchester]] and [[Norwich]], and the service's work began to attract international attention. Similar services were established in France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Australia and Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_oliver.html|title=Percy Oliver|publisher=Red Gold: The Eipc Story of Blood|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416153023/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/innovators/bio_oliver.html|archive-date=2015-04-16}}</ref>

Vladimir Shamov and [[Sergei Yudin (surgeon)|Sergei Yudin]] in the [[Soviet Union]] pioneered the [[Cadaveric blood transfusion|transfusion of cadaveric blood]] from recently deceased donors. Yudin performed such a transfusion successfully for the first time on March 23, 1930, and reported his first seven [[clinic]]al [[transfusions]] with cadaveric blood at the Fourth Congress of [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] Surgeons at Kharkiv in September. Also in 1930, Yudin organized the world's first blood bank at the Nikolay Sklifosovsky Institute, which set an example for the establishment of further blood banks in different regions of the Soviet Union and in other countries. By the mid-1930s the Soviet Union had set up a system of at least 65 large blood centers and more than 500 subsidiary ones, all storing "canned" blood and shipping it to all corners of the country.

[[File:Blood transfusion ww2 poster.jpg|thumb|left|British poster encouraging people to donate [[blood]] for the war effort]]

One of the earliest blood banks was established by [[Frederic Durán-Jordà]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936. Duran joined the Transfusion Service at the [[Hospital de Sant Pau|Barcelona Hospital]] at the start of the conflict, but the hospital was soon overwhelmed by the demand for blood and the paucity of available donors. With support from the Department of Health of the [[Spanish Republican Army]], Duran established a blood bank for the use of wounded soldiers and civilians. The 300–400 ml of extracted blood was mixed with 10% citrate solution in a modified Duran Erlenmeyer flask. The blood was stored in a sterile glass enclosed under pressure at 2&nbsp;°C. During 30 months of work, the Transfusion Service of Barcelona registered almost 30,000 donors, and processed 9,000 liters of blood.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QwXx_enKbcC|title=Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice|author=Christopher D. Hillyer|year=2007|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0443069819}}</ref>

In 1937 [[Bernard Fantus]], director of therapeutics at the [[Cook County Hospital]] in [[Chicago]], established one of the first hospital blood banks in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Morris Fishbein, M.D. |encyclopedia=The New Illustrated Medical and Health Encyclopedia |title=Blood Banks |edition=Home Library |year=1976 |publisher=H. S. Stuttman Co |volume=1 |location=New York |page=220}}</ref> In creating a hospital laboratory that preserved, refrigerated and stored donor blood, Fantus originated the term "blood bank". Within a few years, hospital and community blood banks were established across the United States.<ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Kilduffe R, DeBakey M |title=The blood bank and the technique and therapeutics of transfusion|publisher=St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co.|year=1942|pages=196–197}}</ref>

[[Frederic Durán-Jordà]] fled to Britain in 1938, and worked with [[Janet Vaughan]] at the [[Royal Postgraduate Medical School]] at Hammersmith Hospital to create a system of national blood banks in London.<ref>{{cite book|last=Starr|first=D|title=Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce|year=1998|publisher=Little, Brown and company|isbn=0-316-91146-1|pages=84–87}}</ref> With the outbreak of [[Second World War|war]] looking imminent in 1938, the [[War Office]] created the Army Blood Supply Depot (ABSD) in Bristol headed by [[Lionel Whitby]] and in control of four large blood depots around the country. British policy through the war was to supply military personnel with blood from centralized depots, in contrast to the approach taken by the Americans and Germans where troops at the front were bled to provide required blood. The British method proved to be more successful at adequately meeting all requirements and over 700,000 donors were bled over the course of the war. This system evolved into the [[National Blood Service|National Blood Transfusion Service]] established in 1946, the first national service to be implemented.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The History of Blood Ttansfusion|journal=British Journal of Haematology|year=2001|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02139.x|volume=110|issue=4|pages=758–767|pmid=11054057|last1=Giangrande|first1=P. L.|doi-access=free}}</ref>