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Bone age
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==== Tanner-Whitehouse method ==== The Tanner-Whitehouse (TW) technique of estimating bone is a "single-bone method" based on an x-ray image of a patient's left hand and wrist. There have been two updates since the first publication of the TW method in 1962: the TW2 method in 1975 and the TW3 method in 2001.<ref name=":13" /><ref>[[James Mourilyan Tanner|Tanner JM]], Whitehouse RH, Marshall WA, et al.: ''Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW2 Method)''. New York: Academic Press, 1975.</ref> The TW methods consist of evaluating individual bones and assigning a letter grade to each bone based on its degree of maturation. Next, the scores for all evaluated bones are compiled into a sum, and that sum is correlated to bone age through a lookup table for males or females depending on the sex of the patient.<ref name=":13" /> The bones considered in the TW3 method include the distal radius and ulna, the metacarpals and phalanges of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th fingers, and all of the carpal bones except the pisiform.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
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