Editing Bookmaker (section)

==Gambling industry by country==
=== United Kingdom ===
{{Main|Gambling in the United Kingdom}}
In 1961, [[Harold Macmillan]]'s Conservative government legalised betting shops, with tough measures enacted to ensure that bookmakers remained honest. A large industry has grown since. At one time, there were over 15,000 betting shops. Now, through consolidation, they have been reduced to between 9,100 and 9,200 in 2013.<ref>Gambling Commission Gambling industry statistics April 2009 to September 2012</ref> This number has reduced further to 6,219 as of March 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-22 |title=Betting shop statistics - Bookmakers Near Me |url=https://www.bookmakersnearme.co.uk/betting-shop-statistics/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref> largely as a result of Covid-19 and the forced closure of shops on the UK high street. The group of the largest bookmakers in the country, known as the "Big Three", comprises [[William Hill plc|William Hill]], [[Ladbrokes]], and [[Gala Coral Group|Coral]].<ref>Vamplew and Kay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QMFDJfYT2UEC&pg=PA51 p. 51.]</ref>

The United Kingdom's [[Gambling Act 2005]] introduced a new regulatory system for governing gambling in Great Britain. This system includes new provisions for regulating the advertising of gambling products. These provisions of the Act came into effect in September 2007. It is an offence to advertise in the UK, gambling that physically takes place in a non-[[European Economic Area]] (EEA) or, in the case of gambling by remote means, gambling that is not regulated by the gambling laws of an EEA state. The Gambling Commission is the body that makes sure all sites and operators follow the new restrictions. In addition to the Gambling Act of 2005, according to the new gambling bill, online gambling sites are only allowed to offer services within the United Kingdom, if they are registered at the UK Gambling Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014 |url=https://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/news-action-and-statistics/News/the-gambling-licensing-and-advertising-act-2014-transitional-arrangements-for-eea-and-whitelist-operators-published |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=UK Gambling Commission}}</ref>

Improved TV coverage and the modernisation of the law have allowed betting in shops and casinos in most countries. In the UK, on-track bookies still mark up the odds on boards beside the racecourse and use [[Tic-tac (horse racing)|tic-tac]] or mobile telephones to communicate the odds between their staff and to other bookies, but, with the modernisation of United Kingdom bookmaking laws, online and high street gambling are at an all-time high. A so-called super-casino had been planned for construction in [[Manchester]], but the government announced that this plan had been scrapped on 26 February 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/doomed-manchester-gambling-palace-super-25702272|title=Doomed Manchester 'gambling palace' super casino would have rivalled those in Las Vegas|first=Lee|last=Grimsditch|work=[[Manchester Evening News]]|date=9 December 2022|accessdate=10 August 2023}}</ref>

=== Germany ===
The law on betting on horse racing and lotteries was passed by the German legislature and came into force on 1 July 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A general introduction to gambling law in Germany|url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1338a9e7-d91a-42cf-a6d1-8c9d23f1a7ba|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=lexology.com| date=8 June 2021 }}</ref> Since then, a tax of 5% of the bet must be paid to the tax authorities for all sports betting (offline and online). This affects the entire sports betting market in Germany.

Many of the bookmakers are sponsoring some of the major football teams in the major European football leagues,<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2013 |title=A Look At Bookmakers Sponsoring Football Clubs |url=http://www.reliablebookies.com/bookmakers/a-look-at-bookmakers-sponsoring-football-clubs/ |access-date=19 March 2013 |publisher=ReliableBookies.com}}</ref> although [[Werder Bremen]] are currently fighting the German courts for the freedom to continue featuring bookmaker Bwin on their shirts, as Germany and France take action against online gamers. For example, as of 1 January 2020, Germany bettors will not be able to bet more than €1,000 a month. The latest amendment of the ITG states that. New online sportsbook laws are expected shortly in Germany, as this law is only temporary: the expiration date is set to be on 20 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entwurf eines Dritten Staatsvertrages zur Änderung des Staatsvertrages zum Glücksspielwesen in Deutschland (Dritter Glücksspieländerungsstaatsvertrag) |url=https://www.landtag.nrw.de/Dokumentenservice/portal/WWW/dokumentenarchiv/Dokument/MMV17-1760.pdf |website=Landtag Nordrhein-Westfalen}}</ref>
 
=== Canada ===
The fundamental law governing gambling activities in Canada is the federal Criminal Code (the "Code"). Sections 201 to 206, including section 206, make all types of gambling, betting and lotteries illegal throughout Canada with very limited exceptions, such as betting-mutuel on horse racing (provided for in section 204). While the federal Code is the applicable prohibitionist law, all regulations (and regulatory bodies) are provincial, with one exception - pari-mutuel betting on horse racing, which is regulated by the federal Canadian agency Pari-Mutuel. However, this law has many critics, as it is believed that the Canadian sports betting market can generate $25 billion a year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is online sports betting legal in Canada|url=https://foxbonus.com/blog/is-online-sports-betting-legal-in-canada/|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=foxbonus.com|date=21 February 2022 }}</ref>

=== United States === 
{{see also|Gambling in the United States#Sports betting}}

Attempts to restrict operators of foreign gambling websites from accessing their domestic market resulted in a 2007 ruling against the US government by the [[World Trade Organization]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6511857.stm "WTO rules against US gaming ban"]. [[BBC News]]. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2011.</ref> However, common online gambling laws in the United States still don't exist – it differs from state to state. All forms of online gambling are illegal within the states of [[Utah]] and [[Hawaii]], while the states of [[Delaware]], [[Pennsylvania]] and [[New Jersey]] took a different approach: almost all forms of online gambling are legal in these states. These are the only US states where online casino sites can be legally registered. It is important to mention that Native Americans have their own gambling legislation - the [[Indian Gaming Regulatory Act]] of 1988. However, they need their state's approval to be able to offer their services online.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Law 100-497-OCT. 17, 1988: An Act to regulate gaming on Indian lands |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-102/pdf/STATUTE-102-Pg2467.pdf |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=Government Publishing Office [US]}}</ref>

The Supreme Court overturned the federal ban on online gambling in 2018. However, while online gambling and casinos are legal, each state has its own rules. In Pennsylvania and New Jersey, the legal bookmakers are DraftKings, FanDuel and Pointsbet. Mississippi, New Jersey, Delaware, Nevada and West Virginia are on the road to legalisation, but Nevada and New Jersey have already passed laws. Most analysts predict the trend towards legalization of online gambling will continue in more and more US states.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Projecting Online Casino Market Growth in 2022 and Beyond|url=https://gamblingnewsmagazine.com/online-casino-market-growth/|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=gamblingnewsmagazine.com}}</ref>

=== Australia ===
Some bookmakers have taken to using betting exchanges as a way of laying off unfavourable bets and thus reducing their overall exposure. This has led to insecurity from some [[Totalizator Agency Board|TAB]]s in Australia, state-run betting agencies that attempted to deny Betfair an Australian licence by running unfavourable ads in the media regarding the company. When [[Tasmania]] granted Betfair a licence despite these efforts, the [[Western Australian]] state legislature passed a law that specifically criminalised using betting exchanges from within the state; however, the law was later ruled to be unconstitutional. As a result, internet gambling in Australia required a new legal framework. The Interactive Gambling Act 2001 regulates the online gambling market in Australia, together with all its amendments. The last amendment was introduced on 13 September 2017. This bill states that online casinos, online poker and live betting are illegal in Australia. The Australian Communication and Media Authority (ACMA) is the regulatory body responsible for all supervising online gambling activities. Online sports betting is legal, however.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |title=Interactive Gambling Act 2001 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00291/Html/Text |access-date=4 September 2019 |website=www.legislation.gov.au |language=en}}</ref>

===France===
Online sports betting in France is divided into two sections: Autorité de Régulation des Jeux en Ligne (ARJEL) regulates online sports betting, while online horse betting is regulated by the law "Decree 2010-498 from 17 May 2010. International bookmakers are allowed to enter the French market, thanks to the Law No. 2010-476 from 12 May 2010.<ref>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022204510 LOI n° 2010-476 du 12 mai 2010 relative à l'ouverture à la concurrence et à la régulation du secteur des jeux d'argent et de hasard en ligne (1)]. ''Legifrance.'' Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022220619&fastPos=1&fastReqId=152017297&categorieLien=id&oldAction=rechTexte Décret n° 2010-498 du 17 mai 2010 relatif à la définition des courses hippiques supports des paris en ligne et aux principes généraux du pari mutuel]. ''Legifrance.'' Retrieved 4 September 2019.</ref>