Editing Bulgarian language (section)

==Relationship to Macedonian==
{{main|Macedonian language#Relationship to Bulgarian}}
{{Further|Political views on the Macedonian language}}
{{See also|Bulgarian nationalism|Macedonian nationalism|Pluricentric language|Accession of North Macedonia to the European Union}}
[[File:Bulgaro-macedonian-dialect-continuum.png|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Areas of [[Eastern South Slavic]] languages.]]
Until the period immediately following the [[Second World War]], all Bulgarian and the majority of foreign linguists referred to the [[South Slavic dialect continuum]] spanning the area of modern Bulgaria, [[North Macedonia]] and parts of [[Northern Greece]] as a group of Bulgarian dialects.<ref name=foreigners>Mazon, Andre. ''Contes Slaves de la Macédoine Sud-Occidentale: Etude linguistique; textes et traduction''; Notes de Folklore, Paris 1923, p. 4.</ref><ref>Селищев, Афанасий. Избранные труды, Москва 1968.</ref><ref>''Die Slaven in Griechenland'' von Max Vasmer. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1941. Kap. VI: Allgemeines und sprachliche Stellung der Slaven Griechenlands.</ref><ref>K. Sandfeld, ''Balkanfilologien'' (København, 1926, MCMXXVI).</ref><ref>[[Konstantin Josef Jireček]], ''Die Balkanvölker und ihre kulturellen und politischen Bestrebungen'', Urania, II, Jg. 13, 27. März 1909, p. 195.</ref><ref>Stefan Verković, Описание быта македонских болгар; Топографическо-этнографический очерк Македонии (Петербург, 1889).</ref> In contrast, Serbian sources tended to label them "south Serbian" dialects.<ref>James Minahan. ''One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups'', p.438 (Greenwood Press, 2000)</ref><ref>Bernard Comrie. ''The Slavonic Languages'', p.251 (Routledge, 1993).</ref> Some local naming conventions included ''bolgárski'', ''bugárski'' and so forth.<ref>[http://www.promacedonia.org/shklifovi/shklifovi_000_100.pdf Шклифов, Благой and Екатерина Шклифова, Български деалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 28–36] (Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 28–33)</ref> The codifiers of the standard Bulgarian language, however, did not wish to make any allowances for a [[Pluricentric language|pluricentric]] "Bulgaro-Macedonian" compromise.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wawGFWNuHiwC&q=bulgaro+macedonian+language&pg=PA440|title=Pluricentric Languages: The Codification of Macedonian|first= Michael |last=Clyne|publisher= Walter de Gruyter|year=1992|isbn=978-3-11-012855-0| page= 440}}</ref> In 1870 [[Marin Drinov]], who played a decisive role in the standardization of the Bulgarian language, rejected the proposal of [[Parteniy Zografski]] and [[Kuzman Shapkarev]] for a mixed eastern and western Bulgarian/Macedonian foundation of the standard Bulgarian language, stating in his article in the newspaper ''[[Makedonia (Bulgarian newspaper)|Makedoniya]]'': "Such an artificial assembly of written language is something impossible, unattainable and never heard of."<ref>Makedoniya July 31st 1870</ref><ref>Tchavdar Marinov. In Defense of the Native Tongue: The Standardization of the Macedonian Language and the Bulgarian-Macedonian Linguistic Controversies. in Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_010 p. 443</ref><ref>Благой Шклифов, За разширението на диалектната основа на българския книжовен език и неговото обновление. "Македонската" азбука и книжовна норма са нелегитимни, дружество "Огнище", София, 2003 г. [http://www.promacedonia.org/statii/shklifov_2003.htm . стр. 7-10.]</ref>

After 1944 the [[People's Republic of Bulgaria]] and the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] began a policy of making Macedonia into the connecting link for the establishment of a new [[Balkan Federative Republic]] and stimulating here a development of distinct [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonian]] consciousness.<ref>{{cite book|title=Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2 |first1=Bernard Anthony |last1=Cook |isbn=978-0-8153-4058-4 |page=808 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA808|year=2001 |publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref> With the proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia as part of the Yugoslav federation, the new authorities also started measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feeling among parts of its population and in 1945 a separate [[Macedonian language]] was codified.<ref name="Djokic">{{cite book
|last =Djokić
|first =Dejan
|title =Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918–1992
|publisher =C. Hurst & Co. Publishers
|year =2003
|page =122
|isbn =978-1-85065-663-0}}</ref> After 1958, when the pressure from Moscow decreased, Sofia reverted to the view that the Macedonian language did not exist as a separate language. Nowadays, Bulgarian and Greek linguists, as well as some linguists from other countries, still consider the various Macedonian dialects as part of the broader Bulgarian pluricentric [[dialectal continuum]].<ref name="ucla">[http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?menu=004&LangID=42 Language profile Macedonian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311172655/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=42&menu=004 |date=11 March 2009 }}, UCLA International Institute</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppbuavUZKEwC&pg=PA116 |title=Who are the Macedonians? |first=Hugh |last=Poulton |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-85065-534-3 |page=116}}</ref> Outside Bulgaria and Greece, Macedonian is generally considered an [[autonomous language]] within the South Slavic dialect continuum.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Trudgill|first=Peter|year=1992|title=Ausbau sociolinguistics and the perception of language status in contemporary Europe|journal=International Journal of Applied Linguistics|volume=2|issue=2|pages=167–177|doi=10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00031.x|quote=However, outside Greece, where the name of the language has been objected to (see Trudgill forthcoming), and Bulgaria, Macedonian's status as a language is generally accepted.}}</ref> Sociolinguists agree that the question whether Macedonian is a dialect of Bulgarian or a language is a political one and cannot be resolved on a purely linguistic basis, because dialect continua do not allow for either/or judgements.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chambers| first1=Jack |last2=Trudgill| first2=Peter| title=Dialectology|url=https://archive.org/details/dialectology00cham_601|url-access=limited| year=1998| publisher=Cambridge University Press| edition=2nd| pages=[https://archive.org/details/dialectology00cham_601/page/n21 7]| quote =Similarly, Bulgarian politicians often argue that Macedonian is simply a dialect of Bulgarian – which is really a way of saying, of course, that they feel Macedonia ought to be part of Bulgaria. From a purely linguistic point of view, however, such arguments are not resolvable, since dialect continua admit of more-or-less but not either-or judgements.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world|first=Loring M.|last=Danforth|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-691-04356-2| page=67|quote=Sociolinguists agree that in such situations the decision as to whether a particular variety of speech constitutes a language or a dialect is always based on political, rather than linguistic criteria (Trudgill 1974:15). A language, in other words, can be defined "as a dialect with an army and a navy" (Nash 1989:6).}}</ref>