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Calvin cycle
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===Products=== The immediate products of one turn of the Calvin cycle are 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, 3 ADP, and 2 NADP<sup>+</sup>. (ADP and NADP<sup>+</sup> are not really "products". They are regenerated and later used again in the [[light-dependent reactions]]). Each G3P molecule is composed of 3 carbons. For the Calvin cycle to continue, RuBP (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate) must be regenerated. So, 5 out of 6 carbons from the 2 G3P molecules are used for this purpose. Therefore, there is only 1 net carbon produced to play with for each turn. To create 1 surplus G3P requires 3 carbons, and therefore 3 turns of the Calvin cycle. To make one glucose molecule (which can be created from 2 G3P molecules) would require 6 turns of the Calvin cycle. Surplus G3P can also be used to form other carbohydrates such as starch, sucrose, and cellulose, depending on what the plant needs.<ref>Russell, Wolfe et al.''Biology: Exploring the Diversity of Life''.Toronto:Nelson College Indigenous,1st ed, Vol. 1, 2010, pg 151</ref>
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