Editing Canning (section)

===In Europe===
[[File:Berthold Weiss Canned Foods.jpg|thumb|The [[Manfred Weiss Works|Berthold-Weiss Factory]], one of the first large canned food factories in [[Csepel]], [[Budapest]] (1885)]]
During the mid-19th century, canned food became a [[status symbol]] among middle-class households in [[Europe]], being something of a frivolous [[novelties|novelty]]. Early methods of manufacture employed poisonous [[lead]] [[solder]] for sealing the cans. Studies in the 1980s attributed the lead from the cans as a factor in the disastrous outcome of the 1845 [[Franklin's lost expedition|Franklin expedition]] to chart and navigate the [[Northwest Passage]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Canned Food Sealed Icemen's Fate |url=https://www.historytoday.com/sheila-rowbotham/canned-food-sealed-icemens-fate |website=History Today}}</ref> However, studies in 2013 and 2016 suggested that lead poisoning was likely not a factor, and that the crew's ill health may, in fact, have been due to malnutrition—specifically zinc deficiency—possibly due to a lack of meat in their diet.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Fingernail absolves lead poisoning in death of Arctic explorer |url=https://www.nature.com/news/fingernail-absolves-lead-poisoning-in-death-of-arctic-explorer-1.21128 |journal=Nature|year=2016 |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.21128 |last1=Witze |first1=Alexandra |s2cid=131781828 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Researchers acquit the tins in mysterious failed Franklin expedition |url=https://phys.org/news/2013-04-acquit-tins-mysterious-franklin.html |website=Phys.org}}</ref>

Increasing mechanization of the canning process, coupled with a huge increase in urban populations across Europe, resulted in a rising demand for canned food. A number of inventions and improvements followed, and by the 1860s smaller machine-made steel cans were possible, and the time to cook food in sealed cans had been reduced from around six hours to thirty minutes.