Editing Caryl Chessman (section)

==Execution==
Brown's stay of execution, along with Chessman's last appeals, ran out in April 1960, and Chessman finally went to the [[gas chamber]] at [[San Quentin Prison]] on May 2, twenty-five days before his 39th birthday. According to some sources, a last-minute attempt by a California Supreme Court justice to impose a new stay pending a [[habeas corpus]] motion failed when a court secretary misdialed the prison's phone number; by the time the call was routed to the execution chamber, the execution had begun and could not be halted.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chessman's Execution a 'Breath of Fresh Air,' Times Says (Clippings of 1960s coverage)|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2010/05/chessmans-execution-a-breath-of-fresh-air-times-says.html|access-date= December 14, 2014|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> During the execution Chessman vigorously nodded his head, a pre‑arranged signal to reporters that he was experiencing pain.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObIQUpJxHZYC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85 ''The Encyclopedia of American Prisons''&nbsp;&nbsp;by Carl Sifakis] page 85;&nbsp;Retrieved January 22, 2016</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1p_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA196&lpg=PA196 ''Gruesome Spectacles: Botched Executions and America's Death Penalty''&nbsp;&nbsp;by Austin Sarat] page 196&nbsp;Retrieved January 19, 2016</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WMKoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214 ''Debates in Criminal Justice: Key Themes and Issues''&nbsp;&nbsp;edited by Tom Ellis, Stephen P. Savage] page&nbsp;214&nbsp;Retrieved January 19, 2016</ref> Chessman's body was cremated, as per his wishes, at the Mount Tamalpais Mortuary and Cemetery in [[San Rafael, California]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stevens|first=Shane |title=By Reason of Insanity|year=2007|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=978-1-556-52662-6|page=39}}</ref> He requested that his ashes be interred with his parents' at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]] in Glendale, but Forest Lawn refused the request on "moral grounds."<ref>{{cite book|last=Mitford|first=Jessica|author-link=Jessica Mitford|title=The American Way of Death Revisited|year=2011|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-307-80939-1|page=102}}</ref> His ashes were buried at the Mount Tamalpais Cemetery, then disinterred in 1974 by Chessman's attorney Rosalie Asher and scattered off the coast of [[Santa Cruz Island]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19740311&id=jFUkAAAAIBAJ&pg=4429,255061|title=Ashes of Chessman Scattered At Sea|date=March 11, 1974|work=The Milwaukee Journal|page=6|access-date=December 22, 2014}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Chessman was dubbed "the first modern American executed for a non-lethal kidnapping."<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/wrote-califonia-kidnapper-article-1.1803753 New York ''Daily News'' archive]. Retrieved April 13, 2015.</ref> His time on death row – eleven years and ten months – was then the longest ever in the United States, a record that was broken in the post-''[[Furman v. Georgia]]'' era on March 15, 1988, when [[Willie Darden|Willie Darden Jr.]] was executed in Florida's electric chair for a 1973 murder.<ref>Nordheimer, J. (March 13, 1988). Florida Inmate Faces His Seventh Date With Executioner. ''The New York Times''</ref> Several months after Chessman's execution, [[Billy Monk (kidnapper)|Billy Wesley Monk]] was executed on November 21, 1960, for kidnapping two women, attempting to rape the first and raping the second, and was the last to be executed for a non-lethal kidnapping in the United States.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=People v. Monk |vol=56 |reporter=Cal. 2d. |opinion=288 |pinpoint= |court=Cal. 2d |date=July 20, 1961 |url=http://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-monk-24308 |accessdate= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = Tragedy in Curtain Call for Sad Mother|date = April 27, 1960|url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2010/04/paul-v-coates-confidential-file-april-27-1960.html|access-date = November 8, 2013|work = Mirror News}}</ref> Further executions for non-lethal offenses, including robbery and rape, occurred as late as 1964, but have not been carried out since the 1960s.{{clarify|date=June 2023}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/RAPE.htm |title=Archived copy |website=users.bestweb.net |access-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512175820/http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/RAPE.htm |archive-date=12 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99961027/coburn | title=Coburn | newspaper=Alabama Journal | date=June 8, 1964 | page=11 }}</ref> Such convictions were also considerably focused on the Southern states, whereas the executions of Chessman, Monk and Rudolph Wright, gassed in 1962 for an assault (with deadly outcome, although without ''[[mens rea]]'') possibly faced greater scrutiny for occurring in California.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-wright-24292 | title=People v. Wright - 55 Cal.2d 560 - Mon, 03/20/1961 &#124; California Supreme Court Resources }}</ref>