Editing Catch and release (section)

== Injury and mortality in released fish ==
A metastudy in 2005 found that the average catch and release mortality rate was 18%, but varied greatly by species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bartholomew|first1=Aaron|last2=Bohnsack|first2=James A.|date=2005-02-01|title=A Review of Catch-and-Release Angling Mortality with Implications for No-take Reserves|journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|pages=129–154|doi=10.1007/s11160-005-2175-1|bibcode=2005RFBF...15..129B |s2cid=2323279 |issn=1573-5184}}</ref> During an [[Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation]] study, up to 43 percent of fish released after being caught died within six days as a result of inadequate holding and weigh in procedures during tournaments.<ref>Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. "[http://www.nesportsman.com/articles/catch_release_studies/oklahoma_largemouth.html Evaluation of Procedures to Reduce Delayed Mortality of Black Bass Following Summer Tournaments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222243/http://www.nesportsman.com/articles/catch_release_studies/oklahoma_largemouth.html |date=2020-11-11 }}." Federal Aid Grant No. F-50-R, Fish Research for Oklahoma Waters, Project No. 8, March 1, 1996 through February 28, 1997</ref> More recent studies reported in Montana estimate that approximately 20% of released trout die from injuries or stress and for those that do not die, their injuries may significantly reduce their ability to feed and grow.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Like a Fish Out of Water |author=Drews, Debby |publisher=Outside Bozeman |date=Spring 2016 |pages=70–74 |volume=17 |number=1 |url=http://www.outsidebozeman.com/magazine/archives/spring-2016/fish-out-water |access-date=April 17, 2016}}</ref>

Emerging research suggests catch and release does not work very well with fish caught when deep sea fishing. Most deep sea fish species suffer from the sudden pressure change when wound to the surface from great depths; these species cannot adjust their body's physiology quickly enough to follow the pressure change. The result is called "[[barotrauma]]". Fish with barotrauma will have their enormously swollen swim-bladder protruding from their mouth, bulging eyeballs, and often sustain other, more subtle but still very serious injuries. Upon release, fish with barotrauma will be unable to swim or dive due to the swollen swim-bladder. The common practice has been to deflate the swim bladder by pricking it with a thin sharp object before attempting to release the fish. Emerging research also indicates both barotrauma and the practice of deflating the swimbladder are both highly damaging to fish, and that survival rates of caught-and-released deep-sea fish are extremely low.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071014011437/http://www.abc.net.au/nt/stories/s1996078.htm 100% of Jew fish landed from water 15 to 20 meters deep have life-threatening injuries. Official Barotrauma results.]</ref> Barotrauma requires that fish be caught at least {{cvt|30|–|50|ft|m|order=flip|round=5}} below the surface. Many surface caught fish, such as billfish, and all fish caught from shore do not meet this criterion and thus do not suffer barotrauma.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}