Editing Celadon (section)

===Chinese celadons===
[[File:北宋汝窯青瓷無紋水仙盆 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Narcissus basin with light bluish-green glaze, [[Ru ware]], [[National Palace Museum]].]]

Greenwares are found in earthenware from the [[Shang dynasty]] onwards.<ref name="Vainker, S.J. 1991, pp.53-55"/>  Archaeologist [[Wang Zhongshu]] states that shards with a celadon [[Chinese ceramics|ceramic glaze]] have been recovered from [[Eastern Han dynasty]] (AD&nbsp;25–220) tomb excavations in [[Zhejiang]], and that this type of ceramic became well known during the [[Three Kingdoms]] (220–265).<ref>Wang, Zhongshu. (1982). ''Han Civilization''. Translated by K.C. Chang and Collaborators. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-02723-0}}.</ref> These are now often called [[proto-celadon]]s, and tend to browns and yellows, without much green.

The earliest major type of celadon was [[Yue ware]],<ref>Gompertz, Ch. 1</ref> which was succeeded by a number of kilns in north China producing wares known as [[Northern Celadon]]s, sometimes used by the imperial court.  The best known of these is [[Yaozhou ware]].<ref>Gompertz, Ch. 4</ref>  All these types were already widely exported to the rest of East Asia and the Islamic world.

[[File:Besenval, baron de2.jpg|thumb|''Le [[Pierre Victor, baron de Besenval de Brunstatt|Baron de Besenval]] dans son salon de compagnie'' at the [[Hôtel de Besenval]], the iconic portrait of the baron by [[Henri-Pierre Danloux]] (1791). The green Chinese celadon vases mounted in [[ormolu|gilt bronze]], which are visible on the mantelpiece, were sold together with their identical pendants in three lots by [[Christie's]] on 8 July 2021 in ''The Exceptional Sale'' for a total of GB£1,620,000.]]

[[Longquan celadon]] wares were first made during the Northern Song, but flourished under the Southern Song, as the capital moved to the south and the northern kilns declined.<ref>Gompertz, Ch. 6</ref> This had bluish, blue-green, and olive green glazes and the bodies increasingly had high [[silica]] and [[alkali]] contents which resembled later [[porcelain]] wares made at [[Jingdezhen ware|Jingdezhen]] and [[Dehua]] rather than [[stoneware]]s.<ref name="wood 1999 75 76">Wood, Nigel. (1999). Chinese Glazes: Their Origins, Chemistry, and Recreation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-3476-6}}, pp. 75–76.</ref>

All the wares mentioned above were mostly in, or aiming to be in, some shade of green. Other wares which can be classified as celadons, were more often in shades of pale blue, very highly valued by the Chinese, or various browns and off-whites. These were often the most highly regarded at the time and by later Chinese connoisseurs, and sometimes made more or less exclusively for the court. These include [[Ru ware]], [[Guan ware]] and [[Ge ware]],<ref>Gompertz, Ch. 4 and 5</ref> as well as earlier types such as the "secret color" (''mi se'') wares,<ref>Gompertz, Ch. 3</ref> finally identified when the crypt at the [[Famen Temple]] was opened.

Large quantities of Longquan celadon were exported throughout East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East in the 13th–15th century. Large celadon dishes were especially welcomed in Islamic nations.  Since about 1420 the Counts of [[Katzenelnbogen]] have owned the oldest European import of celadon, reaching Europe indirectly via the Islamic world.  This is a cup mounted in metal in Europe, and exhibited in Kassel in the Landesmuseum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.com/ |title=Katzenelnbogener Weltrekorde: Erster RIESLING und erste BRATWURST! |website=Graf-von-katzenelnbogen.com |access-date=2017-03-17}}</ref>  After the development of [[blue and white porcelain]] in [[Jingdezhen ware]] in the early 14th century, celadon gradually went out of fashion in both Chinese and export markets, and after about 1500 both the quality and quantity of production was much reduced, though there were some antiquarian revivals of celadon glazes on Jingdezhen porcelain in later centuries.<ref>Gompertz, Ch. 7 & 8</ref>

Decoration in Chinese celadons is normally only by shaping the body or creating shallow designs on the flat surface which allow the glaze to pool in depressions, giving a much deeper color to accentuate the design. In both methods carving, moulding and a range of other techniques may be used. There is very rarely any contrast with a completely different color, except where parts of a piece are sometimes left as unglazed [[biscuit (pottery)|biscuit]] in Longquan celadon.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Yue ware with motif 3rd century Western Jin Zhejiang.jpg|[[Yue ware]] bowl, 3rd century CE, [[Western Jin]], [[Zhejiang]].
File:Pot tripode Musée Guimet 2418.jpg|[[Yaozhou ware]] (Northern Celadon), with carved and engraved decoration, 10th century.
File:Porcelaine chinoise Guimet 231103.jpg|Yaozhou ware, Shaanxi province, Song dynasty, 10th–11th century
File:Percival David Collection DSCF3122 17.jpg|Centre areas left unglazed in 'biscuit state', 14th century.
File:北宋汝窯青瓷蓮花式溫碗.tif|Warming Bowl in the Shape of a Flower with Light Bluish-green Glaze, [[Ru ware]]
File:Bowl with foliate rim, Guan ware, China, Southern Song dynasty, 1100s-1200s AD, ceramic, celadon glaze - Tokyo National Museum - Tokyo, Japan - DSC08368.jpg|[[Guan ware]], Southern Song dynasty, 1100s–1200s AD
File:Spotted Celadon KONOIKE.JPG|Flower vase with Iron Brown Spots (飛青磁花生), Longquan kiln, Yuan dynasty, 13–14th century (National Treasure)
File:Ceramic planter from the Ming Dynasty.jpg|Longquan celadon from Zhejiang, [[Ming dynasty]], 14–15th century
File:Ewer. Lidded tripod with handles, used for heating certain alcoholic drinks. Stoneware with pale green (celadon) glaze. Six Dynasties, 500-580 CE. Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|Ewer, lidded tripod with handles, used for heating certain alcoholic drinks. Stoneware with pale green (celadon) glaze. [[Six Dynasties]], 500-580 CE. [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], London
</gallery>