Editing Cervical collar (section)

==Use over time==
As a result of several small randomized clinical trials over the last decade, hospitals and ambulance staff have seen a significant reduction in the number of patients that are being immobilized.<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Rogers L |title=No place for the rigid cervical collar in pre-hospital care|journal=International Paramedic Practice|volume=7|issue=1|year=2017|pages=12–15|issn=2052-4889|doi=10.12968/ippr.2017.7.1.12}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sundstrøm T, Asbjørnsen H, Habiba S, Sunde GA, Wester K | title = Prehospital use of cervical collars in trauma patients: a critical review | journal = Journal of Neurotrauma | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 531–540 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 23962031 | pmc = 3949434 | doi = 10.1089/neu.2013.3094 }}</ref> This has been due to [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] such as increased [[intracranial pressure]] with [[traumatic brain injury]], along with access issues for airway management in obtunded patients.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel MB, Humble SS, Cullinane DC, Day MA, Jawa RS, Devin CJ, Delozier MS, Smith LM, Smith MA, Capella JM, Long AM, Cheng JS, Leath TC, Falck-Ytter Y, Haut ER, Como JJ | title = Cervical spine collar clearance in the obtunded adult blunt trauma patient: a systematic review and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma | journal = The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 430–441 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25757133 | pmc = 4409130 | doi = 10.1097/ta.0000000000000503 }}</ref> Other risks and complications include increased testing and imaging, increased incidence in displacement of spinal fractures in the elderly, limited physical examination of patients, neck pain, pressure ulcers, and increased length in hospital stay.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Maschmann C, Jeppesen E, Rubin MA, Barfod C | title = New clinical guidelines on the spinal stabilisation of adult trauma patients - consensus and evidence based | journal = Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 77 | date = August 2019 | pmid = 31426850 | pmc = 6700785 | doi = 10.1186/s13049-019-0655-x | doi-access = free }}</ref> Because of these potential complications, cervical collars are not recommended in trauma patients with isolated penetrating injury and no neurological deficits.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Connell RA, Graham CA, Munro PT | title = Is spinal immobilisation necessary for all patients sustaining isolated penetrating trauma? | journal = Injury | volume = 34 | issue = 12 | pages = 912–914 | date = December 2003 | pmid = 14636733 | doi = 10.1016/S0020-1383(03)00070-6 }}</ref> This is because the benefit of a potential secondary cervical injury being prevented with a cervical collar is much less than the risks associated with a cervical collar; with the most concerning being trouble accessing a patient's airway. Some medical professionals have even been calling for a ban on cervical collars, stating that they cause more harm than good.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Plumb JO, Morris CG | title = Cervical collars: probably useless; definitely cause harm! | journal = The Journal of Emergency Medicine | volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pages = e143 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 22883718 | doi = 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.05.031 }}</ref> There is also very little evidence that shows cervical collars to be actually making a difference in traumatic cervical spine injury.{{cn|date=November 2023}}