Editing Charge qubit (section)

== Experimental progresses ==
The implementation of Superconducting charge qubits have been progressing quickly since 1996. Design was theoretically described in 1997 by Shnirman,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Shnirman | first1=Alexander | last2=Schön | first2=Gerd | last3=Hermon | first3=Ziv | title=Quantum Manipulations of Small Josephson Junctions | journal=Physical Review Letters | volume=79 | issue=12 | date=22 September 1997 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.79.2371 | pages=2371–2374| arxiv=cond-mat/9706016 | bibcode=1997PhRvL..79.2371S | s2cid=15467259 }}</ref> while the evidence of quantum coherence of the charge in a Cooper pair box was published in February 1997 by [[Vincent Bouchiat]] et al.<ref>{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=[[Vincent Bouchiat]]|date=21 February 1997|title=Quantum Coherence of the Charge in a single-Cooper-pair box circuit |publisher=Paris 6 University
|url=https://iramis.cea.fr/drecam/spec/Pres/Quantro/Qsite/publi/theses/VBouchiatThesis.pdf}}</ref> In 1999, coherent oscillations in the charge Qubit were first observed by Nakamura et al.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Nakamura | first1=Yasunobu | last2=Pashkin | first2=Yu | last3=Tsai | first3=JS | title=Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box | journal=Nature | volume=398 | date=29 April 1999 | issue=6730 | doi=10.1038/19718| pages=786–788| arxiv=cond-mat/9904003 | bibcode=1999Natur.398..786N | s2cid=4392755 }}</ref> Manipulation of the quantum states and full realization of the charge qubit was observed 2 years later.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Vion | first1=Denis| last2= Aassime | first2= A| last3=Cottet | first3=A | last4=Joyez | first4= Ph|last5=Pothier | first5=H| last6=Urbina | first6= Ch| last7= Esteve | first7= D|last8= Devoret | first8= M| title= Manipulating the quantum state of an electrical circuit| journal=Science | volume=296 | date=3 May 2002 | issue=5569| doi=10.1126/science.1069372| pages=886–889| pmid=11988568| arxiv=cond-mat/0205343| bibcode=2002Sci...296..886V| s2cid=43515935}}</ref> In 2007, a more advanced device known as [[Transmon]] showing enhanced coherence times due to its reduced sensitivity to charge noise was developed at Yale University by [[Robert J. Schoelkopf]], [[Michel Devoret]], [[Steven M. Girvin]] and their colleagues .