Editing Chinook Jargon (section)

===Use===
[[File:Wawatest2.jpg|thumb|An example of the shorthand "Chinuk Pipa" writing system used in the ''[[Kamloops Wawa]]'' newspaper]]
In the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kamloops|Diocese of Kamloops]], British Columbia, hundreds of speakers learned to read and write the Jargon using [[Duployan shorthand]] via the publication ''[[Kamloops Wawa]]''. As a result, the Jargon had the beginnings of its own literature, mostly translated [[Bible|scripture]] and [[Classics|classical works]], some local and [[Bishop (Catholic Church)#Diocesan bishops or eparchs|episcopal]] news, community gossip and events, and [[Personal journal|diaries]].<ref name="holton" /> [[Marah Ellis Ryan]] (c. 1860–1934), an early Native American activist and novelist,   used Chinook words and phrases in her writing.<ref>''Squaw Elouise'', Chicago; New York: Rand, McNally, 1892; ''Told in the Hills'', Chicago; New York: Rand, McNally, 1891, 1905.</ref>

In [[Oregon]], Chinook Jargon was widely used by natives, trappers, traders, employees of the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], missionaries, and pioneers who came across the Oregon Trail from the 1830s to the 1870s. In [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]'s first half century (1840s–1890s), there were frequent trade interactions between pioneers and Native Americans. Many Oregonians used Jargon in casual conversation. Jones estimates that in pioneer times in the 1860s<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20181002-north-americas-nearly-forgotten-language |title=North America's nearly forgotten language |publisher=BBC |access-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> there were about 100,000 speakers of Chinook Jargon.<ref>Jones (1972), p. 97.</ref> It peaked in usage from approximately 1858 to 1900, and declined as a result of widespread deaths from the [[Spanish flu]] and [[World War I]].<ref name="The Tyee">{{cite web |url= https://thetyee.ca/Life/2006/01/10/StillSpeakChinook/ |title=Can We Still Speak Chinook? |date=January 10, 2006 |work=The Tyee}}</ref>

As late as the 1940s, native children were born in [[Tiller, Oregon]], who grew up speaking Chinook Jargon as their first language.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.hcn.org/issues/51.15/tribal-affairs-when-federal-lands-become-tribal-lands-again-public-lands |title=When public lands become tribal lands again |date=August 16, 2019 |first=Anna V. |last=Smith |website=HCN.org |access-date=January 15, 2020}}</ref> But by 1962, the [[SIL International|Summer Institute of Linguistics]] (SIL) estimated that only 100 speakers were left.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

According to [[Nard Jones]], Chinook Jargon was still in use in [[Seattle]] until roughly the eve of [[World War II]], especially among the members of the Arctic Club. Seattle was the last city where the language was widely used. Writing in 1972, Jones  remarked that "Only a few can speak it fully, men of ninety or a hundred years old, like [[Henry Broderick (realtor)|Henry Broderick]], the realtor, and [[Joshua Green (seaman and banker)|Joshua Green]], the banker."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Nard |author-link=Nard Jones |title=Seattle |date=1972 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=0385018754 |location=Garden City, New York |pages=94 ''et. seq.''}} Quotation is from p. 97.</ref>

In the 2000s, [[Lane Community College]] in [[Eugene, Oregon]], started a three-semester university program teaching Chinook Jargon.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.lanecc.edu/llc/language/chinuk-wawa |title=Chinuk Wawa |website=LaneCC.edu |access-date=January 15, 2020 |publisher=Lane Community College |location=Eugene, Oregon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://nativestudies.uoregon.edu/tag/chinuk-wawa/|title=Chinuk Wawa |publisher=Native American Studies Dept., University of Oregon |location=Eugene |website=NativeStudies.UOregon.edu |access-date=January 15, 2020}}</ref>

In 2013, it was reported that there was one native speaker of Chinook Jargon (specifically the Grand Ronde variety). An estimated 1,000 people had oral or written knowledge of Chinook Jargon as a second language.<ref name="apics-online" /> In 2015, the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] estimated based on the self-reported [[American Community Survey]] that around 45 people (with a margin of error of 25) spoke Chinook Jargon at home in the period 2009–2013.<ref name="US-census">{{cite web |title=Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009-2013 |url= https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau |location=Washington, DC |access-date=October 22, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151106035547/http://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html |archive-date=November 6, 2015 |date=October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>