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Circularly disposed antenna array
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===The 1960s–1970s construction boom and subsequent demolition=== In 1959, the U.S. Navy contracted with [[ITT Corporation|ITT]] Federal Systems to deploy a worldwide network of [[AN/FRD-10]] HF/DF arrays based on lessons learned from the Bondville experimental array. [[File:Sobe Communications Site.jpg|thumb|left|CDAA at US Navy Sobe Communications base, [[Yomitan]], [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa]], Japan]] The FRD-10 at NSGA Hanza, Okinawa was the first installed, in 1962, followed by eleven additional arrays, with the last completed in 1964 at NRRF Imperial Beach, CA. (Silver Strand) which was demolished in 2014. Due to their immense size, the location of the Bondville array ({{coord|40.0494|N|88.3807|W|scale:2000}}) and the other post-war antenna arrays are clearly visible in high-resolution aerial photography now available on the internet. Also in 1959, a contract to build a larger CDAA — the [[AN/FLR-9]] antenna receiving system — was awarded by the U.S. Air Force to GT&E Sylvania Electronics Systems (now [[General Dynamics]] Mission Systems). The first FLR-9 was installed at [[RAF Chicksands]] ({{coord|52.0443|N|0.389182|W|scale:5000}}) in the United Kingdom in 1962. The second FLR-9 was installed at [[San Vito dei Normanni Air Station]] ({{coord|40.64700|N|17.83900|E|scale:5000}}), Italy also in 1962. Following base closures, the arrays at Chicksands and San Vito were dismantled in 1996 and 1993, respectively. [[File:CDAA Elmendorf AFB.PNG|thumb|left|FLR-9 circularly disposed antenna array at [[Elmendorf Air Force Base]], [[Alaska]], USA, completed in 1966.]] A second contract was awarded to Sylvania to install AN/FLR-9 systems at [[Misawa AB]], Japan; [[Clark AB]], Philippine Islands; Pakistan (never built); [[Elmendorf AFB]], Alaska; and Karamürsel AS, Turkey. The last two were completed in 1966. The Karamürsel AS was closed and array was dismantled in 1977 in retribution for the suspension of U.S. military aid to Turkey. The Clark AB array was decommissioned after the Mt. Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. It was later converted into an outdoor amphitheater which is part of the [[Nayong Pilipino Clark]] theme park. Demolition of the Misawa FLR-9 began in October 2014. A pair of FRD-10s not equipped for HF/DF were installed in 1969 at NAVRADSTA(R) Sugar Grove, WV ({{coord|38.5129|N|79.2790|W|scale:5000}}), for naval HF communications, replacing the NSS receiver site at the Naval Communications Station in Cheltenham, Maryland. [[File:Elmendorf AFB Alaska - 10sep2002.jpg|thumb|An overhead view of [[Elmendorf Air Force Base|Elmendorf AFB]], [[Alaska]], in late 2002. The antenna array is the large circle in the forested area, in the upper left, comparable in size to the adjacent [[airstrip]].]] The Elmendorf array was decommissioned in May 2016<ref>[http://www.25af.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/6217/Article/779267/silencing-the-arctic-mammoth.aspx Silencing the Arctic Mammoth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018233223/http://www.25af.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/6217/Article/779267/silencing-the-arctic-mammoth.aspx |date=2016-10-18 }}", ''25th Air Force website'', 23 May 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ktva.com/inside-a-classified-cold-war-era-antenna-site-now-shut-down-625/|title= A look inside a classified Cold War-era antenna site, now shut down|website=KTVA|date=25 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501061010/http://www.ktva.com/inside-a-classified-cold-war-era-antenna-site-now-shut-down-625/|archive-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref> due to its age and unavailable repair parts. The U.S. Army awarded a contract in 1968 to F&M Systems to build AN/FLR-9 systems for [[USASA Field Station Augsburg]], Germany, and Ramasun Station in [[Mueang Udon Thani District#Ramasun Station|Udon Thani]], Thailand ({{coord|17.2919|N|102.8682|E|scale:2000}}). Both were installed in 1970.<ref>The Army version has the same design as the Air Force version, but the design of the delay lines in the Beam Forming Networks inside the Central Building are different. The Army used what is called a "Lumped Constant" delay line design and the Air Force used a "Coaxial" delay line design.</ref> The Ramasun Station array was dismantled in 1975 following base closure. During the 1970s, the Japanese government installed two large antenna arrays, similar to the FRD-10, at [[Chitose, Hokkaidō|Chitose]] and [[Miho, Ibaraki|Miho]].
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