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Cisplatin
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=== Cisplatin resistance === Cisplatin combination chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment of many cancers. Initial platinum responsiveness is high, but the majority of cancer patients will eventually relapse with cisplatin-resistant disease. Many mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been proposed, including changes in cellular uptake and efflux of the drug, increased detoxification of the drug, inhibition of [[apoptosis]], increased [[DNA repair]] or changes in metabolism.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cruz-Bermúdez A, Laza-Briviesca R, Vicente-Blanco RJ, García-Grande A, Coronado MJ, Laine-Menéndez S, Palacios-Zambrano S, Moreno-Villa MR, Ruiz-Valdepeñas AM, Lendinez C, Romero A, Franco F, Calvo V, Alfaro C, Acosta PM, Salas C, Garcia JM, Provencio M | display-authors = 6 | title = Cisplatin resistance involves a metabolic reprogramming through ROS and PGC-1α in NSCLC which can be overcome by OXPHOS inhibition | journal = Free Radical Biology & Medicine | volume = 135 | pages = 167–181 | date = May 2019 | pmid = 30880247 | doi = 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.009 | hdl-access = free | hdl = 10486/688357 }}</ref><ref name="Stordal_2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stordal B, Davey M | title = Understanding cisplatin resistance using cellular models | journal = IUBMB Life | volume = 59 | issue = 11 | pages = 696–699 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17885832 | doi = 10.1080/15216540701636287 | s2cid = 30879019 | url = http://doras.dcu.ie/2202/1/Stordal-IUBMB-2007.pdf | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Oxaliplatin]] is active in highly cisplatin-resistant cancer cells in the laboratory; however, there is little evidence for its activity in the clinical treatment of patients with cisplatin-resistant cancer.<ref name="Stordal_2007"/> The drug [[paclitaxel]] may be useful in the treatment of cisplatin-resistant cancer; the mechanism for this activity is as yet unknown.<ref name="pmid17881133">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stordal B, Pavlakis N, Davey R | title = A systematic review of platinum and taxane resistance from bench to clinic: an inverse relationship | journal = Cancer Treatment Reviews | volume = 33 | issue = 8 | pages = 688–703 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17881133 | doi = 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.013 | url = http://doras.dcu.ie/2190/1/StordalCTR2007-Paclitaxel.pdf | hdl = 2123/4068 }}</ref>
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