Editing Classical swine fever (section)

==Virus==
[[Image:Classical swine fever kidneys.jpg|thumb|Pinpoint hemorrhages on the kidneys are characteristic of classical swine fever.]]
The infectious agent responsible is a [[virus]] CSFV (previously called hog cholera virus) of the genus ''[[Pestivirus]]'' in the family ''[[Flaviviridae]]''.<ref name=Peccary>[http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/classical_swine_fever.pdf Classical Swine Fever], The Center for Food Security and Public Health / The Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, College of Veterinary Medicine, [[Iowa State University]], update September 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Exotic animal diseases - Classical swine fever | url=http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3945.html | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030822232643/http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3945.html | archive-date=August 22, 2003 }}</ref> CSFV is closely related to the ruminant pestiviruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea <!-- (BVDV) --> and border disease<!-- (BDV) -->.<ref name=sobrino2>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.horizonpress.com/avir|author=Rumenapf and Thiel|year=2008|chapter=Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses|title=Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology|publisher=Caister Academic Press| isbn =978-1-904455-22-6}}</ref>

The effect of different CSFV strains varies widely, leading to a wide range of clinical signs. Highly virulent strains correlate with acute, obvious disease and high mortality, including [[neurological]] signs and [[hemorrhage]]s within the skin.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still causing abortions and stillbirths. In these cases, herds in high-risk areas are usually serologically tested on a thorough statistical basis.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Infected [[pig#Reproduction|piglets]] born to infected but subclinical sows help maintain the disease within a population. Other signs can include lethargy, fever, immunosuppression, chronic diarrhoea, and secondary respiratory infections. The incubation period of CSF ranges from 2 to 14 days, but clinical signs may not be apparent until after 2 to 3 weeks. Preventive state regulations usually assume 21 days as the outside limit of the incubation period. Animals with an acute infection can survive 2 to 3 months before their eventual death.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Eradicating CSF is problematic. Current programmes revolve around rapid detection, diagnosis, and slaughter. This may possibly be followed by emergency vaccination ([[ATCvet]] codes: {{ATCvet|I09|AA06}} for the inactivated viral vaccine, {{ATCvet|I09|AD04}} for the live vaccine). Vaccination is only used where the virus is widespread in the domestic pig population and/or in wild or feral pigs. In the latter case, a slaughter policy alone is usually impracticable. Instead, countries within the EU have implemented hunting restrictions designed to limit the movement of infected boars, as well as using marker and emergency vaccines to inhibit the spread of infection.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Moennig|first1=V|last2=Floegel-Niesmann|first2=G|last3=Greiser-Wilke|first3=I|date=2003-01-01|title=Clinical Signs and Epidemiology of Classical Swine Fever: A Review of New Knowledge|journal=The Veterinary Journal|volume=165|issue=1|pages=11–20|doi=10.1016/S1090-0233(02)00112-0|pmid=12618065}}</ref> Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations.