Editing Cognitive model (section)

==Computational models==
{{Expand section|date=December 2010}}
A [[computational model]] is a mathematical model in [[computational science]] that requires extensive computational resources to study the behavior of a complex system by computer simulation. Computational cognitive models examine cognition and cognitive functions by developing process-based computational models formulated as sets of mathematical equations or computer simulations.<ref>{{Citation |last=Farrell |first=Simon |title=An Introduction to Cognitive Modeling |date=2015 |work=An Introduction to Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience |pages=3–24 |editor-last=Forstmann |editor-first=Birte U. |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4939-2236-9_1 |access-date=2025-05-05 |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer New York |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4939-2236-9_1 |isbn=978-1-4939-2235-2 |last2=Lewandowsky |first2=Stephan |editor2-last=Wagenmakers |editor2-first=Eric-Jan|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The system under study is often a complex [[nonlinear system]] for which simple, intuitive analytical solutions are not readily available. Rather than deriving a mathematical analytical solution to the problem, experimentation with the model is done by changing the parameters of the system in the computer, and studying the differences in the outcome of the experiments. Theories of operation of the model can be derived/deduced from these computational experiments.
Examples of common computational models are [[weather forecasting]] models, [[Earth Simulator|earth simulator]] models, [[flight simulator]] models, molecular [[Protein structure prediction|protein folding]] models, and [[neural network]] models.

===Symbolic===
A ''symbolic'' model is expressed in characters, usually non-numeric ones, that require translation before they can be used.

===Subsymbolic===
A cognitive model is ''subsymbolic'' if it is made by constituent entities that are not representations in their turn, e.g., pixels, sound images as perceived by the ear, signal samples; subsymbolic units in neural networks can be considered particular cases of this category.

===Hybrid===
Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of analog computers and digital computers. The digital component normally serves as the controller and provides logical operations, while the analog component normally serves as a solver of differential equations. See more details at [[hybrid intelligent system]].