Editing Cohousing (section)

==Origins==
There are precedents for cohousing with the [[Siheyuan]], or quadrangle design of housing in China which has a shared courtyard and is thus similar in some respects to cohousing. Unlike the utopian movement in 18th and 19th century, the three villages of [[Arden, Delaware|Arden]], [[Ardentown, Delaware|Ardentown]], and [[Ardencroft, Delaware|Ardencroft]], Delaware founded at the turn of the 20th century<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arden.delaware.gov/|title=Village of Arden, Delaware — A Single-Tax Community, Founded 1900|website=arden.delaware.gov}}</ref> as well as [[Bryn Gweled, Pennsylvania|Bryn Gweled Homesteads]] founded in 1940 in [[Southampton, Pennsylvania]] incorporate private homes on commonly owned land while promoting cooperative values.  These cohousing communities were established in part based on [[Henry George]]’s single-tax theory.  [[List of New York City housing cooperatives|In the 1920s in New York]], the [[housing cooperative|rise of cooperative apartment housing]], which now make up over 70% of all homes in Manhattan, similarly incorporate shared facilities, self government and greater social interaction but rarely include prospective residents participation in the design process nor the intentionality of current cohousing. Swedish social scientists and architects advanced common space coupled with private homes, followed by the modernists in the 1930's-'50's who spurred the building of many cohousing communities,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vestbro |first1=Dick Urban |title=History of cohousing – internationally and in Sweden |url=http://www.kollektivhus.nu/pdf/colhisteng08.pdf |website=kollektivhus.nu |access-date=6 July 2024 |date=November 2008}}</ref> such as Marieberg<ref>{{cite web |last1=Plesner |first1=Alexander |title=The History of Coliving |url=https://alexandraplesner.medium.com/the-history-of-coliving-d79bda766dc4 |website=alexandraplesner.medium.com |access-date=6 July 2024 |date=20 July 2021}}</ref> in Stockholm.

Distinct from communal living experiments associated with the hippie movement,<ref name="Cleveland" /> the modern application of cohousing developed in [[Denmark]] in the 1960s among groups of [[family|families]] who were dissatisfied with existing housing and communities that they felt did not meet their needs, particularly in respect to work-life balance.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Larsen |first=Henrik Gutzon |date=2019-09-14 |title=Three phases of Danish cohousing: tenure and the development of an alternative housing form |journal=Housing Studies |language=en |volume=34 |issue=8 |pages=1349–1371 |doi=10.1080/02673037.2019.1569599 |issn=|doi-access=free }}</ref> Bodil Graae wrote a newspaper article titled "Children Should Have One Hundred Parents",<ref>Graae, Bodil. "Børn skal have Hundrede Foraeldre", "Politiken" [Copenhagen], April 1967.</ref> spurring a group of 50 families to organize around a community project in 1967. This group split into two groups who developed the cohousing projects [[Sættedammen]] and [[:da:Skråplanet|Skråplanet]], which are among the oldest known modern cohousing communities. The key organizer was [[:da:Jan Gudmand-Høyer|Jan Gudmand Høyer]] who drew inspiration from his architectural studies at Harvard and interaction with experimental U.S. communities of the era. He published the article "The Missing Link between Utopia and the Dated Single Family House"<ref>[[:da:Jan Gudmand-Høyer|Gudmand-Høyer, Jan]]. "Det manglende led mellem utopi og det foraeldede en familiehus." "Information" 26 June 1968</ref> in 1968, converging a second group.

Self-governing cohousing communities, such as [https://www.sharingwood.net/ Sharingwood] in Washington, [https://nstreetcohousing.org/ N Street] in California, [https://ecovillageithaca.org/ Ecovillage at Ithaca] and [https://www.cantinesislandcohousing.org/ Cantines Island]  both in New York were built in the '80's and '90's with cooperatively owned space and a social structure that encourages supportive interactions, balanced with privately owned homes, as collaborative alternatives to typical American subdivisions. The Danish term ''bofællesskab'' (living community) was promoted in [[North America]] as ''cohousing'' by two American [[architect]]s, [[Kathryn McCamant]] and [[Charles Durrett]], who visited several cohousing communities and wrote about what they learned in books with the aim of advancing cohousing development.<ref name="McCamant, Kathryn 1994"/> Building on the success of a few earlier, established cohousing developments, the first community in the United States to be designed, constructed and occupied as cohousing by the McCamant Durrett team is [[Muir Commons]] in Davis, California in 1991.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCamant |first=Kathryn |title=Cohousing: A Contemporary Approach to Housing Ourselves |author2=Charles Durrett |author3=Ellen Hertzman |publisher=Ten Speed Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-89815-539-8 |edition=2nd |page=208 |quote=Muir Commons is the first cohousing community to be built in the United States.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Norwood |first=Ken |title=Rebuilding Community in America: Housing for Ecological Living, Personal Empowerment, and the New Extended Family |author2=Kathleen Smith |publisher=Shared Living Resource Center |year=1995 |isbn=0-9641346-2-4 |page=111 |quote=Muir Commons was the first CoHousing community to be built entirely new in the United States.}}</ref> In the following decades, their vision<ref>{{cite web |last=MacCleery |first=Rachel |date=28 April 2023 |title=Building Community with Cohousing |url=https://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/building-community-with-cohousing |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=urbanland.uli.org}}</ref> of cohousing has become dominant, while communities such as the [http://hundredfoldfarm.org/ Hundredfold Farm] in Pennsylvania and Genesee Gardens in Michigan represent more expansive models of how families join to form cohousing communities.