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Composite material
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===Products=== Fibre-reinforced composite materials have gained popularity (despite their generally high cost) in high-performance products that need to be lightweight, yet strong enough to take harsh loading conditions such as [[aerospace]] components ([[empennage|tail]]s, [[wing]]s, [[fuselage]]s, [[propeller (aircraft)|propeller]]s), boat and [[scull]] hulls, [[bicycle]] frames, and [[racing car]] bodies. Other uses include [[fishing rod]]s, [[storage tank]]s, swimming pool panels, and [[composite baseball bat|baseball bats]]. The [[Boeing 787]] and [[Airbus A350]] structures including the wings and fuselage are composed largely of composites.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airbus takes on Boeing with composite A350 XWB |url=https://www.materialstoday.com/composite-applications/features/airbus-takes-on-boeing-with-composite-a350-xwb/ |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=Materials Today |archive-date=2015-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023204900/https://www.materialstoday.com/composite-applications/features/airbus-takes-on-boeing-with-composite-a350-xwb/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Composite materials are also becoming more common in the realm of [[orthopedic surgery]],<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-1-59259-197-8_12 |chapter=Orthopedic Applications of Carbon Fiber Composites |title=Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications |date=2000 |last1=Longo |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Koeneman |first2=James B. |pages=203β214 |isbn=978-1-61737-227-8 }}</ref> and it is the most common hockey stick material. Carbon composite is a key material in today's launch vehicles and [[heat shield]]s for the [[re-entry]] phase of [[spacecraft]]. It is widely used in solar panel substrates, antenna reflectors and yokes of spacecraft. It is also used in payload adapters, inter-stage structures and heat shields of [[launch vehicle]]s. Furthermore, [[disk brake]] systems of [[airplane]]s and racing cars are using [[carbon/carbon]] material, and the [[ceramic matrix composite|composite material]] with [[carbon fibre]]s and [[silicon carbide]] matrix has been introduced in [[luxury vehicle]]s and [[sports car]]s. In 2006, a fibre-reinforced composite pool panel was introduced for in-ground swimming pools, residential as well as commercial, as a non-corrosive alternative to galvanized steel. In 2007, an all-composite military [[Humvee]] was introduced by TPI Composites Inc and Armor Holdings Inc, the first all-composite [[military vehicle]]. By using composites the vehicle is lighter, allowing higher payloads.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-20 |title=TPI Composites and Armor Holdings Unveil Army's First All-Composite Military Vehicle |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070720005465/en/TPI-Composites-and-Armor-Holdings-Unveil-Armys-First-All-Composite-Military-Vehicle |access-date=2020-12-21 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523194850/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070720005465/en/TPI-Composites-and-Armor-Holdings-Unveil-Armys-First-All-Composite-Military-Vehicle |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, carbon fibre and [[DuPont]] Kevlar (five times stronger than steel) were combined with enhanced thermoset resins to make military transit cases by ECS Composites creating 30-percent lighter cases with high strength. Pipes and fittings for various purpose like transportation of potable water, fire-fighting, irrigation, seawater, desalinated water, chemical and industrial waste, and sewage are now manufactured in glass reinforced plastics. Composite materials used in tensile structures for facade application provides the advantage of being translucent. The woven base cloth combined with the appropriate coating allows better light transmission. This provides a very comfortable level of illumination compared to the full brightness of outside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spandesign.com/technical/article_pros_and_cons_of_fabric_structures.aspx |title=The pros and cons of fabric structures | Span Design |access-date=2018-09-24 |archive-date=2009-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727013044/http://www.spandesign.com/technical/article_pros_and_cons_of_fabric_structures.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> The wings of wind turbines, in growing sizes in the order of 50 m length are fabricated in composites since several years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wind Power Blades Energize Composites Manufacturing |url=https://www.ptonline.com/articles/wind-power-blades-energize-composites-manufacturing |access-date=2020-12-21 |website=www.ptonline.com |date=October 2008 |language=en |archive-date=2011-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110216083220/https://www.ptonline.com/articles/wind-power-blades-energize-composites-manufacturing |url-status=live}}</ref> Two-lower-leg-amputees run on carbon-composite spring-like artificial feet as quick as non-amputee athletes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carbon fibre prostheses and running in amputees: A review |url=https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1268773108000672?returnurl=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1268773108000672?showall=true&referrer=https://www.researchgate.net/ |access-date=2020-12-21 |website=www.clinicalkey.com |archive-date=2013-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425174959/https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1268773108000672?returnurl=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1268773108000672?showall=true&referrer=https://www.researchgate.net/ |url-status=live}}</ref> High-pressure gas cylinders typically about 7β9 litre volume x 300 bar pressure for firemen are nowadays constructed from carbon composite. [[Type-4 gas cylinder|Type-4-cylinders]] include metal only as boss that carries the thread to screw in the valve. On 5 September 2019, [[HMD Global]] unveiled the [[Nokia 6.2]] and [[Nokia 7.2]] which are claimed to be using polymer composite for the frames.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-09-05 |title=HMD Global debuts two killer mid-range Nokia phones |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/nokia-7-2-6-2-1022274/ |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=Android Authority |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913015951/https://www.androidauthority.com/nokia-7-2-6-2-1022274/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
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