Editing Concentration camp (section)

===Nazi German camps===
[[File:Buchenwald Slave Laborers Liberation.jpg|thumb|Jewish slave laborers at the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] near [[Weimar]] photographed after their liberation by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] on 16 April 1945]]
[[Nazi Germany]] first established concentration camps for tens of thousands of political prisoners, primarily members of the [[Communist Party of Germany]] and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]], in 1933, detaining tens of thousands of prisoners.<ref>White, Joseph Robert (2009). "Introduction to the Early Camps". Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA). ''Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945''. Vol. 1. Indiana University Press. pp. 3–16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3</nowiki>.</ref> Many camps were closed following releases of prisoners at the end of the year, and the camp population would continue to dwindle through 1936; this trend would reverse in 1937, with the Nazi regime arresting tens of thousands of "[[Black triangle (badge)|anti-socials]]", a category that included [[Romani people]] as well as the homeless, mentally ill, and social non-conformists. Jews were increasingly targeted beginning in 1938. Following the Nazi invasion of Poland and the beginning of World War II, the camps were massively expanded and became increasingly deadly.<ref>[[Nikolaus Wachsmann|Wachsmann, Nikolaus]] (2009). "The Dynamics of Destruction: The Development of the Concentration Camps, 1933–1945". In Jane Caplan; Nikolaus Wachsmann (eds.). ''Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories''. Routledge. pp. 17–43. {{ISBN|978-1-135-26322-5}}.</ref> At its peak, the Nazi concentration camp system was extensive, with as many as 15,000 camps<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary1">{{cite web |title=Concentration Camp Listing |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/cclist.html |publisher=Editions Kritak |location=Belgium |quote=Sourced from Van Eck, Ludo ''Le livre des Camps''}} and {{cite book | author=Gilbert, Martin | title=Atlas of the Holocaust | location=New York | publisher=William Morrow| year=1993| isbn=0-688-12364-3}}. In this online site are the names of 149 camps and 814 subcamps, organized by country.</ref> and at least 715,000 simultaneous internees.<ref>{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Richard J. |title=The Third Reich in Power |publisher=Penguin Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-14-303790-3 |location=New York}}</ref> About 1.65 million people were registered prisoners in the camps, of whom about [[Holocaust victims|a million died]] during their imprisonment. The total number of casualties in these camps is difficult to determine, but the deliberate policy of [[extermination through labor]] in many of the camps was designed to ensure that the inmates would die of starvation, untreated disease and [[summary execution]]s within set periods of time.<ref name="Marek Przybyszewski">{{cite book |last=Marek Przybyszewski |url=http://www.historia.terramail.pl/opracowania/nowozytna/zamek_centrum_administracji.html |title=IBH Opracowania – Działdowo jako centrum administracyjne ziemi sasińskiej |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022004220/http://www.historia.terramail.pl/opracowania/nowozytna/zamek_centrum_administracji.html |archive-date=2010-10-22 |language=pl |trans-title=Działdowo as the centre of local administration |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> In addition to the concentration camps, Nazi Germany established six [[extermination camp]]s, specifically designed to kill millions of people, primarily by [[Extermination camp#Gassing|gassing]].<ref name="Gellately2001">{{Cite book |last1=Robert Gellately |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1toqgWg8ROUC&q=forced+labor |title=Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany |last2=Nathan Stoltzfus |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-691-08684-2 |page=216}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Anne Applebaum |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2001/oct/18/a-history-of-horror |title=A History of Horror{{!}} Review of ''Le Siècle des camps'' by Joël Kotek and Pierre Rigoulot |date=18 October 2001 |magazine=[[The New York Review of Books]]}}</ref> As a result, the term "concentration camp" is sometimes conflated with the concept of an "[[extermination camp]]" and historians debate whether the term "concentration camp" or the term "internment camp" should be used to describe other examples of civilian internment.<ref name="euph">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/ombudsman/2012/02/10/146691773/euphemisms-concentration-camps-and-the-japanese-internment|title=Euphemisms, Concentration Camps And The Japanese Internment|website=NPR Ombudsman blog|date=10 February 2012 |last1=Schumacher-Matos |first1=Edward |last2=Grisham |first2=Lori}}</ref>