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Confederate Ireland
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==The 1643 Cessation== [[File:Confederate Ireland battle flag.svg|right|thumb|upright=0.8|Battle flags of the Confederates included the words ''Vivat Rex Carolus'' 'Long live King Charles']] In September 1643, the Confederates negotiated a "[[ceasefire|cessation]]" with [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde]], Royalist [[List of chief governors of Ireland|Governor of Ireland]], which was signed at Jigginstown, near [[Naas]]. This ended hostilities ceased between the Confederates and Ormonde's royalist army based in [[Dublin]]. However, [[Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin]], a rare Gaelic Irish [[Protestant]] who commanded the Royalist garrison of [[Cork (city)|Cork]], objected to the ceasefire and declared his allegiance to Parliament in England. The Scottish [[Covenanters]] had also landed an army in Ulster in 1642, which remained hostile to the Confederates and to the king β as did the [[Laggan Army]] of the Scottish settlers living in Ulster. The [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] historian [[Thomas Carte]] mentioned the financial terms of the Cessation, whereby the Confederates undertook to pay Ormonde Β£30,000 in stages up to May 1644, half in cash and half in live cattle.{{sfn|Carte|1851|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifeofjamesdukeo03cart/page/263/ 263]|ps=: "... the thirty thousand pounds which by the articles of the cessation was to be paid, half in money and the rest in beeves and ammunition."}} In 1644 the Confederates sent around 1,500 men under [[Alasdair MacColla]] to [[Scotland]] to support the royalists there under [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose]] against the Covenanters, sparking a [[Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms|Civil War]] β their only intervention on the Royalist side in the civil wars in Great Britain.
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