Editing Cooper's hawk (section)

===Voice===
{{ Listen
| filename = Accipiter cooperii - Cooper's Hawk - XC74741.ogg
| title = Cooper's hawk vocalization
| description = A Cooper's hawk calling from an urban park in Minnesota
}}
Some authors have claimed that during breeding Cooper's hawks may utter well over 40 call variations, which would rank them as having among the most varied collection of calls recorded for any raptor. However, many such variations are probably quite subtle (marginal differences in harshness, clarity, tempo and volume) and other authors have diagnosed only four overall call types.<ref name= Palmer/><ref name= Meng>Meng, H. K. (1951). ''Cooper's Hawk, Accipiter cooperii''. Unpublished thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, New York.</ref><ref name= Rosenfield6>Rosenfield, R. N., & Bielefeldt, J. (1991). ''Vocalizations of Cooper's Hawks during the pre-incubation stage''. The Condor, 93(3), 659–665.</ref> The typical call of a Cooper's hawk is a harsh, cackling yelp. This call may be translated as ''keh-keh-keh''..., males tending to have a higher pitched, less raspy and faster-paced voice than females.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/> 

However, some variants uttered by males were deeper than the female's version of said calls.<ref name="Fitch">Fitch, H. S. (1958). ''Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation''. University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History, 11:63–326.</ref> A still more modulated and raucous version is given during the dawn chorus.<ref name="Brown" /> Some studies have indicated that pairs nesting in more deeply wooded areas may vocalize more frequently due to inferior sight lines.<ref name="Rosenfield6" /> However, hawks nesting in urban areas of [[Arizona]] do not seem to vocalize less than their rural nesting counterparts.<ref name="Estes">Estes, W. A., & Mannan, R. W. (2003). ''Feeding behavior of Cooper's Hawks at urban and rural nests in southeastern Arizona''. The Condor, 105(1), 107–116.</ref> There is perhaps some evidence that individual hawk's voices may become lower pitched with age.<ref name="Brown" /> When coming with food to the nest or while displaying during courtship, the male may let out a [[nighthawk]]-like ''kik'', apparently this call is more prevalent in pairs using thicker woods.<ref name=BOW /><ref name="Brown" /><ref name="Rosenfield6" /> Infrequently, females may utter the ''kik'' call as well, apparently when looking for her mate or gathering nesting materials.<ref name="Rosenfield6" /> Many soft calls have been recorded in intimate or "conversational" interactions, exclusively between breeding pairs and between mothers and their broods.<ref name="Ferguson-Lees" /><ref name="Palmer" /> 

The initial call of the young is a ''cheep'' or ''chirrp'', which by the time they are fledgling young alters to a penetrating hunger call, ''eeeeeeee-oo'' or ''tseeeee-ar'' (among different transliterations).<ref name="Ferguson-Lees" /><ref name=BOW /><ref name="Layne">Layne, J. N. (1986). ''Observations on Cooper's Hawk nesting in south central Florida''. Florida Field Naturalist, 14:85–112.</ref> The higher pitched calls of the young may even extend to females nesting within their first year while still in immature plumage.<ref name="Brown" /> Females have what is often thought of as their own hunger cry, ''whaaaa'', heard especially in poorer food areas, when the male appears.<ref name=BOW /><ref name="Estes" /> Nonetheless, the females ''whaaaa'' call has also been uttered in different contexts, such as during nest building and during a "postural bowing" display, and some authors inferred that it may be a means of communicating to the male that it is not dangerous for him to approach her (as female ''Accipiters'' can be dangerous to the much smaller males).<ref name="Meng" /><ref name="Rosenfield6" /><ref name="Rosenfield7">Rosenfield, R. N., & Bielefeldt, J. (1991). ''Undescribed bowing display in the Cooper's Hawk''. The Condor, 93(1), 191–193.</ref> Generally, Cooper's hawks are silent outside the breeding season.<ref name="Ferguson-Lees" /> Rarely, though, some males that appear to be isolated from any other hawks of their species have been known to call during winter.<ref name="Rosenfield8">Rosenfield, R. N. (2018). ''The Cooper's Hawk: Breeding Ecology & Natural History of a Winged Huntsman''. Hancock House Publishers.</ref>