Editing Coping (section)

===Emotion-focused coping strategies===
Emotion-focused strategies involve:
* releasing pent-up emotions
* distracting oneself{{sfn|Folkman|Moskowitz|2004|p=751}}
* managing hostile feelings
* [[meditating]]
* mindfulness practices<ref>{{Citation|last1=Bhojani|first1=Zahra|title=Sustainable Happiness, Well-Being, and Mindfulness in the Workplace|date=2020|work=The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being|pages=1–25|publisher=Springer International Publishing|isbn=978-3-030-02470-3|last2=Kurucz|first2=Elizabeth C.|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_52-1|s2cid=216344603}}</ref>
* using systematic relaxation procedures.
* situational exposure
Emotion-focused coping "is oriented toward managing the emotions that accompany the perception of stress".<ref name="Brannon & Feist 2009 pp121-3">{{cite book |last1=Brannon |first1=Linda |last2=Feist |first2=Jess |chapter=Personal Coping Strategies |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfCDR_Yl7f0C&pg=PA121 |pages=121–23 |title=Health Psychology: An Introduction to Behavior and Health: An Introduction to Behavior and Health |edition=7th |year=2009 |publisher=Wadsworth Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-60132-6}}</ref> The five emotion-focused coping strategies identified by Folkman and Lazarus<ref name="Robinson 2005 p438">{{cite book |first=Jenefer |last=Robinson |title=Deeper Than Reason: Emotion and Its Role in Literature, Music, and Art |year=2005 |page=438 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-926365-3}}</ref> are:
* disclaiming
* escape-avoidance
* accepting responsibility or blame
* exercising self-control
* and positive reappraisal.
Emotion-focused coping is a mechanism to alleviate distress by minimizing, reducing, or preventing, the emotional components of a stressor.<ref name="Carver, C. S. 2011">{{cite book |last1=Carver |first1=Charles S. |chapter=Coping |pages=221–229 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXVlk8pnEKIC&pg=PA221 |editor1-last=Contrada |editor1-first=Richard |editor2-last=Baum |editor2-first=Andrew |title=The Handbook of Stress Science: Biology, Psychology, and Health |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-8261-1771-7 }}</ref> This mechanism can be applied through a variety of ways, such as:
* seeking social support
* reappraising the stressor in a positive light
* accepting responsibility
* using avoidance
* exercising self-control
* distancing<ref name="Carver, C. S. 2011"/><ref name="Folkman & Lazarus 1988">{{cite journal |last1=Folkman |first1=Susan |last2=Lazarus |first2=Richard S. |title=Coping as a mediator of emotion. |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |date=March 1988 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=466–475 |pmid=3361419 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.466 }}</ref> 
The focus of this coping mechanism is to change the meaning of the stressor or transfer attention away from it.<ref name="Folkman & Lazarus 1988"/> For example, reappraising tries to find a more positive meaning of the cause of the stress in order to reduce the emotional component of the stressor. Avoidance of the emotional distress will distract from the negative feelings associated with the stressor. Emotion-focused coping is well suited for stressors that seem uncontrollable (ex. a terminal illness diagnosis, or the loss of a loved one).<ref name="Carver, C. S. 2011"/> Some mechanisms of emotion focused coping, such as distancing or avoidance, can have alleviating outcomes for a short period of time, however they can be detrimental when used over an extended period. Positive emotion-focused mechanisms, such as seeking social support, and positive re-appraisal, are associated with beneficial outcomes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ben-Zur |first1=H. |year=2009 |title=Coping styles and affect |journal=International Journal of Stress Management |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=87–101 |doi=10.1037/a0015731}}</ref> [[Emotional approach coping]] is one form of emotion-focused coping in which emotional expression and processing is used to adaptively manage a response to a stressor.<ref>{{cite book |title=Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology |last1=Stanton |first1=A. L. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-986216-0 |location=New York |pages=16–17 |first2=A. |last2=Parsa |last3=Austenfeld |first3=J. L. |editor-first=C. R. |editor-last=Snyder |editor-first2=S. J. |editor-last2=Lopez}}</ref> Other examples include relaxation training through deep breathing, meditation, yoga, music and art therapy, and aromatherapy.<ref>[https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/relaxation-technique/art-20045368 Relaxation techniques: Try these steps to reduce stress]. (2017). Mayo Clinic.</ref>