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Coreopsis
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==Taxonomy== ''Coreopsis'' is a variable genus closely related to ''[[Bidens]]''. In fact, neither ''Coreopsis'' nor ''Bidens'', as defined in the 20th century, is strictly [[monophyletic]]. ''Coreopsis'' is best described as [[paraphyletic]]. Previously (1936), ''Coreopsis'' was classified into 11 sections and 114 species, but the African species were subsequently reclassified as ''Bidens'', leaving the North and South American species, some 75β80 in all, under ''Coreopsis''. 45 species are in the 11 North American sections, and the remaining 35 are in the South American section ''Pseudoagarista''. The North American species fall into two broad groups, with 5 sections and 12 species in Mexico and North America and the remaining 5 sections and 26 species in Eastern North America.<ref name=Kim/> One group which does seem to be monophyletic consists of [[temperate]] species from North America, including five sections of ''Coreopsis'', ''[[Bidens coronata]]'' and ''[[Bidens tripartita]]'', and the genus ''[[Thelesperma]]'' (five species).<ref name="crawford2005">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.3732/ajb.92.2.330 | title = Phylogeny of Eastern North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae-Coreopsideae): insights from nuclear and plastid sequences, and comments on character evolution | year = 2005 | author = Crawford, D. J. | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 92 | pages = 330β6 | last2 = Mort | first2 = M. E. | issue = 2 | pmid = 21652409 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Plants of the World Online]] accepts the genera ''[[Anacis]]'' {{small|Schrank}},<ref>{{cite web |title=''Anacis'' Schrank |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:7604-1 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref> ''[[Electranthera]]'' {{small|Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski}},<ref>{{cite web |title=''Electranthera'' Mesfin, D.J.Crawford & Pruski |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60472675-2 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref> ''[[Epilepis]]'' {{small|Benth.}},<ref>{{cite web |title=''Epilepis'' Benth. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:8803-1 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref> ''[[Leptosyne]]'' {{small|DC.}},<ref>{{cite web |title=''Leptosyne'' DC. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30060022-2 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref> and ''[[Silphidium]]'' {{small|(Torr. & A.Gray) Mesfin & D.J.Crawford}},<ref>{{cite web |title=''Silphidium'' (Torr. & A.Gray) Mesfin & D.J.Crawford |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77333296-1 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref> which other authorities, including the Global Compositae Database, treat as synonyms of ''Coreopsis''. Plants of the World Online treats ''Selleophytum'' as a synonym of ''Coreopsis''.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Selleophytum'' Urb. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297352-2 |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=13 March 2025}}</ref> ===Sections=== [[File:Coreopsis lanceolata - flower view 02.jpg|thumb|''[[Coreopsis lanceolata]]'']] [[File:Coreopsis lanceolata - flower view 01.jpg|thumb|''Coreopsis lanceolata'']] One classification (GRIN) of the genus consists of eleven sections,<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?14101 |title=Genus: ''Coreopsis'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=January 6, 2011 |access-date=February 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629212557/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?14101 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> shown by [[cladistic]] relationships with number of species in parentheses.<ref name="Kim" /> :''Coreopsis'' sect. ''Pseudoagarista'' (35) ==== Section Anathysana ==== * ''[[Coreopsis cyclocarpa]]'' <small>S.F.Blake</small> ==== Section Calliopsis ==== * ''[[Coreopsis bicolor]]'' * ''[[Coreopsis leavenworthii]]'' <small>Torr. & A.Gray</small> – Leavenworth's tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis paludosa]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small> * ''[[Coreopsis tinctoria]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – plains coreopsis ==== Section Coreopsis ==== * ''[[Coreopsis auriculata]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> – lobed tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis bakeri]]'' <small>E.E.Schill.</small> * ''[[Coreopsis basalis]]'' <small>(A.Dietr.) S.F.Blake</small> – goldenmane tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis grandiflora]]'' <small>Hogg ex Sweet</small> – large-flowered tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis intermedia]]'' <small>Sherff</small> – goldenwave tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis lanceolata]]'' <small>L.</small> – lance coreopsis, lance-leaf tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis nuecensis]]'' <small>A.Heller</small> – crown tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis nuecensoides]]'' <small>E.B.Sm.</small> – Rio Grande tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis pubescens]]'' <small>Elliott</small> – star tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis wrightii]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.M.Parker</small> – rock tickseed ==== Section Electra ==== * ''[[Coreopsis cuneifolia]]'' <small>Greenm.</small> * ''[[Coreopsis mexicana]]'' * ''[[Coreopsis mutica]]'' <small>DC.</small> ==== Section Eublepharis ==== * ''[[Coreopsis floridana]]'' <small>E.B.Sm.</small> – Florida tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis gladiata]]'' <small>Walter</small> – coastalplain tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis integrifolia]]'' <small>Poir.</small> – fringeleaf tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis linifolia]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – Texas tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis nudata]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – Georgia tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis palustris]]'' <small>Sorrie</small> – swamp tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis rosea]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – pink tickseed ==== Section Gyrophyllum (syn. Palmatae) ==== * ''[[Coreopsis delphiniifolia]]'' <small>Lam.</small> – larkspurleaf tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis major]]'' <small>Walter</small> – greater tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis palmata]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – stiff tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis pulchra]]'' <small>F.E.Boynton</small> – woodland tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis tripteris]]'' <small>L.</small> – tall tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis verticillata]]'' <small>L.</small> – whorled tickseed ==== Section Leptosyne ==== * ''[[Coreopsis douglasii]]'' <small>(DC.) H.M.Hall</small> – Douglas's tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis californica]]'' <small>(Nutt.) H.Sharsm.</small> – California tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis stillmanii]]'' <small>(A.Gray) S.F.Blake</small> – Stillman's tickseed ==== Section Pseudoagarista ==== South America, 35 species * ''[[Coreopsis mcvaughii]]'' <small>D.J.Crawford</small> * ''[[Coreopsis petrophila]]'' <small>A.Gray</small> * ''[[Coreopsis petrophiloides]]'' <small>B.L.Rob. & Greenm.</small> * ''[[Coreopsis spectabilis]]'' [[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Coreopsis spectabilis'' |publisher=International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/198203-1 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=www.ipni.org}}</ref> ==== Section Pugiopappus ==== * ''[[Coreopsis bigelovii]]'' <small>([[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]) Voss</small> – Bigelow's tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis calliopsidea]]'' <small>(DC.) A.Gray</small> – leafstem tickseed * ''[[Coreopsis hamiltonii]]'' <small>(Elmer) H. Sharsm.</small> – Mount Hamilton tickseed ==== Section Silphidium ==== * ''[[Coreopsis latifolia]]'' <small>Michx.</small> – broadleaf tickseed ==== Section Tuckermannia ==== * ''[[Coreopsis gigantea]]'' <small>(Kellogg) H.M.Hall</small> – giant coreopsis * ''[[Coreopsis maritima]]'' <small>(Nutt.) Hook.f.</small> – sea dahlia
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