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===Naming and etymology=== The first published usage of the word "coyote" (which is a Spanish borrowing of its [[Nahuatl]] name ''coyōtl'' {{Pronunciation|Coyotl.ogg}}) comes from the [[historian]] [[Francisco Javier Clavijero]]'s ''Historia de México'' in 1780.<ref name="clavijero1817">{{cite book |last1=Clavijero |first1=Francisco Javier |last2=Cullen |first2=Charles |year=1817 |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofmexicoc11817clav#page/56/mode/2up |title=The history of Mexico: Collected from Spanish and Mexican historians, from manuscripts and ancient paintings of the Indians : together with the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards : illustrated by engravings with critical dissertations on the land, the animals, and inhabitants of Mexico |volume=1 |publisher=Thomas Dobson |page=57 |oclc=13601464 |location=Philadelphia}}</ref> The first time it was used in [[English language|English]] occurred in [[William Bullock (collector)|William Bullock]]'s ''Six months' residence and travels in Mexico'' (1824), where it is variously transcribed as ''cayjotte'' and ''cocyotie''. The word's spelling was standardized as "coyote" by the 1880s.<ref name="mussulman2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2177 |title=Coyote |last1=Mussulman |first1=Joseph |date=November 2004 |publisher=Discovering Lewis & Clark |access-date=15 January 2013 |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721183008/http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=2177 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bullock|first=W. |year=1824|url=https://archive.org/stream/gri_sixmonthsres00bull#page/n145/mode/2up/search/wolf|title=Six months' residence and travels in Mexico: Containing remarks on the present state of New Spain, its natural productions, state of society, manufactures, trade, agriculture, and antiquities, &c. : with plates and maps|location=London| publisher=John Murray, Albemarle-Street |pages=119, 261}}</ref> The English pronunciation is heard both as a two-syllable word (with the final "e" silent) and as three-syllables (with the final "e" pronounced),<ref>Ogilvie, John (1885). ''The Imperial Dictionary''.</ref> with a tendency for the three-syllable pronunciation in eastern states and near the Mexican border, and outside the United States, with two syllables in western and central states.<ref>Garner, Gryan (2000). ''The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style,'' p. 88. Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>Fogarty, Mignon (March 1, 2018). [https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/articles/how-to-pronounce-coyote/ How to Pronounce ‘Coyote’]. Retrieved 2 Feb. 2024.</ref> Alternative English names for the coyote include "prairie wolf", "brush wolf", "cased wolf",<ref name="ern789">{{Harvnb|Seton|1909|p=789}}</ref>{{efn|The name "cased wolf" originates from the fact that the coyote's skin was historically cased like that of the [[muskrat]], whereas the wolf's was spread out flat like the [[American beaver|beaver]]'s.<ref name="ern789"/>}} "little wolf"<ref name="gier1974">{{cite book |last=Gier |first=H.T. |year=1974 |chapter=Ecology and Behavior of the Coyote (''Canis latrans'') |pages=247–262 |editor-first=M. W. |editor-last=Fox |title=The Wild Canids: Their systematics, behavioral ecology, and evolution |location=New York |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold |isbn=978-0-442-22430-1 |oclc=1093505}}</ref> and "American jackal".<ref name="bekoff2003"/> Its [[binomial name]] ''Canis latrans'' translates to "barking dog", a reference to the many vocalizations they produce.<ref name="lehner1978"/> {{Anchor|Local and indigenous names}} <!-- PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE ADDING AN INDIGENOUS OR LOCAL NAME FOR THIS BOX * All names should be from languages present in areas where coyotes are indigenous or were once indigenous. * Names must be sourced and verifiable. --> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ Local and indigenous names for ''Canis latrans'' ! Linguistic group or area ! Indigenous name |- | [[Arikara language|Arikara]] | ''Stshirits pukatsh''<ref name="young6">{{Harvnb|Young|Jackson|1978|pp=6–7}}</ref> |- | [[Canadian French]] | ''Coyote''<ref name="ern789"/> |- | [[Lower Chinook|Chinook]] || ''Italipas''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]] | ''Nu-ní-yĕ=̑ts!ế-lĕ''<ref name="curtis">{{cite book |last=Curtis |first=E. S. |year=1928 |series=The North American Indian |volume=18 |title=The Chipewyan. The western woods Cree. The Sarsi |publisher=Classic Books Company |page=201 |isbn=978-0-7426-9818-5}}</ref> |- | [[Cocopah language|Cocopah]] | ''Ṭxpa''<ref name="crawford1989">{{cite dictionary |last=Crawford |first=J. M. |year=1989 |title=Cocopa Dictionary |page=445 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-09749-0 |oclc=20012309 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=ohzvjgEACAAJ |page=445}} }}</ref><br />''Xṭpa''<ref name="crawford1989"/> |- | [[East Cree|Northern Cree]]<br/>[[Plains Cree language|Plains Cree]] | {{lang|cr|ᒣᐢᒐᒑᑲᓂᐢ}} (''Mîscacâkanis'')<ref name="leclaire1998">{{cite dictionary |last1=LeClire |first1=N. |last2=Cardinal |first2=G. |year=1998 |title= Alberta Elders' Cree Dictionary |page=279 |publisher=University of Alberta |isbn=978-0-88864-284-4 |oclc=659111819 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=CPvhQfDMOlIC|page=279}} }}</ref><br/> {{lang|cr|ᒣᐢᒐᒑᑲᓂᐢ}} (''Mescacâkanis'')<ref name="leclaire1998"/> |- | [[Creek language|Creek]] | ''Yvhuce'' (archaic)<ref name="martin2004">{{cite dictionary |last1=Martin |first1=J. P. |last2=Mauldin|first2=M. M. |year=2004 |title=A Dictionary of Creek / Muskogee |page=153 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-8302-2 |oclc=43561668 |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=0qDkYfyX010C|page=153}} }}</ref><br/>''Yvhvlanuce'' (modern)<ref name="martin2004"/> |- | [[Dakota language|Dakota]] | ''Mica''<ref name="young6"/><br/>''Micaksica''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Salishan languages|Flathead]] | ''Sinchlep''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Hidatsa language|Hidatsa]] | ''Motsa''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Hopi language|Hopi]] | ''Iisawu''<ref name="albert1985">{{cite dictionary |last1=Albert |first1=R. |last2=Shaul |first2=D. L. |year=1985 |title=A Concise Hopi and English Lexicon |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |page=26 |isbn=978-90-272-2015-8 |oclc=777549431 |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=YlnwKAt6v68C|page=26}} }}</ref><br />''Isaw''<ref name="albert1985"/> |- | [[Karuk language|Karuk]] | ''Pihnêefich''<ref name=karukdictionary2015>{{cite dictionary |url=http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~karuk/karuk-dictionary.php?exact-match=&lx=&ge=coyote&sd=&pos=&lxGroup-id=4782&audio=&index-position=&index-order= |first1=William |last1=Bright |first2=Susan |last2=Gehr |title=Karuk Dictionary and Texts |entry=Coyote |publisher=Karuk Tribe & UC Berkeley |access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref> |- | [[Klamath language|Klamath]] | ''Ko-ha-a''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Mandan language|Mandan]] | ''Scheke''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Mayan language|Mayan]] | ''Pek'i'cash''<ref name="reid2009">{{cite book |last=Reid |first=F. A. |year=2009 |title=A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico |publisher= Oxford University Press |page=259 |isbn=978-0-19-534322-9 |oclc=237402526 |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=aBEbUaXTWYAC|page=259}} }}</ref> |- | [[Nez Perce language|Nez Perce]] | ''ʔiceyé•ye''<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Aoki |first=Haruo |year=1994 |title=Nez Percé dictionary |page=491 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-09763-6 |oclc=463788185}}</ref> |- | [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]] | ''Coyōtl''<ref name="clavijero1817"/> |- | [[Navajo language|Navajo]] | ''Ma'ii''<ref>{{cite dictionary |last=Neundorf |first=A. |year=1983 |title=A Navajo / English Bilingual Dictionary: Áłchíní Bi Naaltsoostsoh |page=512 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |isbn=978-0-8263-3825-9 |oclc=57357517 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=nRVnA3q_NkgC |page=512}}}}</ref> |- | [[Lakota language|Lakota]] | ''Mee-yah-slay'-cha-lah''<ref name="ern789"/> |- | [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] ([[Chippewa language|Southwestern]]) | ''Wiisagi-ma’iingan''<ref>{{cite web |title=Animal Names, Ojibwemowin |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd897207.pdf |website=USDA Forest Service |publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture |access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> |- | [[Omaha–Ponca language|Omaha]] | ''Mikasi''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Osage language|Osage]] | {{lang|osa|𐓇ó𐓨𐓣͘𐓡𐓤𐓘𐓮𐓣}} ''Šómįhkasi''<ref name="quintero">{{cite book |last=Quintero |first=C. |year=2004 |title=Osage Grammar |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |page=83 |isbn=978-0-8032-3803-9 |oclc=57614396 |url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=wnvaInod5MAC|page=83}} }}</ref> |- | [[Pawnee language|Pawnee]] | ''Ckirihki''<ref>{{cite dictionary |last1=Parks |first1=R. P. |last2=Pratt |first2=L. N. |year=2008 |title=A Dictionary of Skiri Pawnee |page=119 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-1926-7 |oclc=940905155}}</ref> |- | [[Paiute people|Piute]] | ''Eja-ah''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Spanish language in the Americas|Spanish]] | ''Coyote''<ref name="reid2009"/><br/> ''Perro de monte''<ref name="reid2009"/> |- | [[Sahaptin language|Yakama]] | ''Telipa''<ref name="young6"/> |- | [[Timbisha language|Timbisha]] | ''Isa(ppü)''<ref name="daley1989">{{cite dictionary |last=Dayley |first=J. P. |year=1989 |title=Tümpisa (Panamint) Shoshone Dictionary |publisher=University of California Press |page=436 |isbn=978-0-520-09754-4 |oclc=489876664 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=rBweNGy2aGMC |page=436}}}}</ref><br/> ''Isapaippü''<ref name="daley1989"/><br/> ''Itsappü''<ref name="daley1989"/> |- | [[Wintu language|Wintu]] | ''Ćarawa''<ref name="pitkin1985">{{cite book |last=Pitkin |first=H. |year=1985 |title=Wintu Dictionary |publisher=University of California Press |pages=65, 573 |isbn=978-0-520-09613-4 |oclc=12313411}}</ref><br/> ''Sedet''<ref name="pitkin1985"/> |- | [[Assiniboine language|Nakota]] | ''Song-toke-cha''<ref name="ern789"/> |- | [[Yurok language|Yurok]] | ''Segep''<ref name=yurokdictionary2015>{{cite dictionary |url=http://corpus.linguistics.berkeley.edu/~yurok/lexicon.php?style=query&writing=&lx-id=2969&index=&yu=&ge=&sd=&rf=&pd=&ps=&mr=&quick-search=coyote |entry=Coyote |publisher=UC Berkeley |access-date=22 May 2015|title=Yurok Dictionary: Segep }}</ref> |}
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