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== Designer crossbreed == {{multiple image|upright | width = 200 | header = Examples of designer crossbreds | image1 = Cockerpoo.jpg | alt1 = A small, blonde-colored dog, lying down | caption1 = A [[Cockapoo]] is a [[Poodle]]/[[Cocker Spaniel]] cross | image2 = FriesianSporthorsestallion.jpg | alt2 = A black horse, standing up | caption2 = A [[Friesian Sport Horse]] horse is a cross between a [[Friesian horse|Friesian]] and one of several other breeds }} A designer crossbreed or designer breed is a crossbred animal with [[purebred]] parents, usually registered with a [[breed registry]], but from two different [[breed]]s. These animals are the result of a deliberate decision to create a specific crossbred animal.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://dogs.about.com/od/dogbreeds/f/What-Is-A-Designer-Dog-Breed-Hybrid-Dogs.htm|title=What is a Designer Dog Breed - About Hybrid Dogs|date=2013-07-14|publisher=Dogs.about.com|access-date=2013-10-04|archive-date=2016-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104062223/http://dogs.about.com/od/dogbreeds/f/What-Is-A-Designer-Dog-Breed-Hybrid-Dogs.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Less often, the animal may have more than two pure breeds in its ancestry, but unlike a mutt or a [[mongrel]], its entire [[Pedigree chart|pedigree]] is known to descend from specific known animals. While the term is best known when applied to certain [[dog crossbreed]]s, other animals such as cattle, horses, birds<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephens |first=Carrie |date=2022-11-05 |title=Can Parrots Crossbreed? (Hybrid Parrots) |url=https://www.allaboutparrots.com/can-parrots-crossbreed/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=All About Parrots |language=en-US}}</ref> and cats may also be bred in this fashion. Some crossbred breeders start a freestanding breed registry to record designer crossbreds, other crossbreds may be included in an "appendix" to an existing purebred registry. either form of registration may be the first step in recording and tracking [[Pedigree chart|pedigrees]] in order to develop a new breed. The purpose of creating designer crossbreds is usually one or more of the following reasons: # to breed animals with [[heterosis]], commonly known as "hybrid vigor",<ref name="Virginia">{{cite web|url=http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-805/400-805.html|title=Crossbreeding Beef Cattle - Home - Virginia Cooperative Extension|publisher=Pubs.ext.vt.edu|access-date=2013-10-04}}</ref> # to create animals with more predictable characteristics than [[mixed breed]] or [[mongrel]] breeding, # to avoid certain undesirable [[recessive]] traits that lead to [[genetic disease]]s that plague many purebred animals, # to develop an animal that combines what are viewed as the best traits of two or more breeds,<ref name="Virginia" /> # as the preliminary steps toward developing a new animal breed.<ref name="about" /> Breeders of designer crossbreds borrow the [[technical language]] from [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] plant breeding: A first generation, 50β50 crossbred is an [[F1 hybrid|F1 cross]].<ref name="about" /> Subsequent generations may see a purebred animal crossed back on a crossbred, creating a 75/25 cross,<ref name="about" /> or a BC1 or F1b "[[Backcrossing|backcross]]."{{cn|date=August 2022}} The breeding of two crossbreeds of the same combination of breeds, creating an F2 cross, an animal that is still a 50β50 cross, but it is the second [[filial generation]] of the combination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/F2_generation|title=F2 generation - definition from|author=MarkHolland|publisher=Biology-Online.org|access-date=2013-10-04}}</ref> An F2 cross bred to an F2 cross creates an F3 cross. Similarly, an F2 animal bred to an F1 animal creates an F2b backcross. F3 crosses and greater are called "multi-generational" crosses.{{cn|date=August 2022}} In dog breeding, three generations of reliable documented breeding can be considered a "breed" rather than a crossbreed.<ref name="idcba">{{cite web|url=http://www.idcba.org/att/cross-bred.htm|title="Designer Dogs" vs 'Purebred Dogs"|publisher=IDCBA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022725/http://www.idcba.org/att/cross-bred.htm|archive-date=2013-10-05|access-date=2013-10-04}}</ref> There are disadvantages to creating designer crossbreeds, notably the potential that the cross will be of inferior quality or that it will not produce as consistent a result as would breeding purebred animals. For example, the [[Poodle]] is a frequent breed used in creation of designer crossbreeds, due to its non-shedding coat, but that trait does not always breed true when it is part of a designer cross.<ref name="about" /> Also, because breeders of crossbred animals may be less careful about [[genetic testing]] and weeding out undesirable traits,<ref name="idcba" /> certain deleterious [[dominant gene]]s may still be passed on to a crossbreed offspring. In an F2 cross, recessive genetic traits may also return if the parent animals were both carriers of an undesired trait.
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