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Customary law
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==Codification== {{main|Codification (law)}} The modern [[Codification (law)|codification]] of [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] developed from the tradition of [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[custumal]]s, collections of local customary law that developed in a specific manorial or borough jurisdiction, and which were slowly pieced together mainly from [[case law]] and later written down by local [[jurist]]s. Custumals acquired the force of law when they became the undisputed rule by which certain [[rights]], entitlements, and [[obligation]]s were regulated between members of a community.<ref>In ''R. v Secretary of State For Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs'' [1982] 2 All E.R. 118, [[Lord Denning]] said "These customary laws are not written down. They are handed down by tradition from one generation to another. Yet beyond doubt they are well established and have the force of law within the community."</ref> Some examples include [[Henry de Bracton|Bracton]]'s {{lang|la|De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae}} for England, the {{lang|fr|[[Coutume de Paris]]}} for the city of Paris, the {{lang|de|[[Sachsenspiegel]]}} for northern Germany, and the many {{lang|es|[[fuero]]s}} of Spain.
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