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Cynodon dactylon
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==Uses== ===Religious=== Commonly known as "''durva''" or '''dūrvāyugma''' in [[India]], this grass is used in the [[Ayurveda]] system of medicine.<ref name="Kandwal&Sharma2011" /> Performing a rite called "the consecration of [[Rudra]] (Sanskrit ''Rudrabhisheka'') described in the [[Puranas|Purāṇas]] (Sanskrit ''purāṇokta'') while offering durva 11 times bestows long life. In Hinduism, it is considered important in the worship of Lord [[Ganesha]]. A clump of 21 shoots of this grass is usually offered during [[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]] (worship). It has been a part of Hindu rituals since Vedic times. A unique festival called Durga Ashtami, dedicated to this grass, is celebrated on the eighth day of [[Shukla Paksha]] of [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadra]] month of the [[Hindu calendar]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Majupuria|first=Trilok Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiBPAQAAIAAJ&q=durva+grass|title=Religious & useful plants of Nepal & India: (medicinal plants and flowers as mentioned in religious myths and legends of Hinduism and Buddhism)|date=2009|publisher=Rohit Kumar (Majupuria)|isbn=978-9937-2-0473-6|language=en}}</ref> It is known as "Arugampull" in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], "Garikēhullu in [[Kannada]] and "Karuka" in [[Malayalam]] and is part of the [[Dasapushpam|Dashapushpam]] (Ten sacred flowers) in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vijayan Namboothiri, Mini|title='Dashapushpam'- through the looking glasses of Science and Religion|isbn=978-620-0-31860-2|oclc=1197284682}}</ref> [[File:Nepali Hindu Wedding (10).jpg|alt=Groom tying a dubo garland on his bride's neck, in a Nepalese Khas Hindu wedding.|thumb|upright=1.1|Groom tying a dubo garland around the bride's neck in a [[Nepal|Nepalese]] [[Hindu]] wedding]] In [[Nepal]], the grass is known as "dubo" and is used by the Hindus. According to Nepalese Hindus, the grass symbolises long life. The grass is an essential item for the [[Naga Panchami]] festival as well as the [[Gaura (festival)|Gaura festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=आज नागपञ्चमी पर्व मनाइँदै , यस्तो छ धार्मिक मान्यता |url=https://www.nepalipatra.com/news/naagpanchami/77727 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=Nepalipatra}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=सुदूरपश्चिममा गौरा पर्व सुरु |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2021/08/1004781 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=Online Khabar |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=किन नागलाई दूध र दुबो चढाइन्छ ? |url=https://annapurnapost.com/news/kin-naaglaaii-duudh-r-dubo-cddhaainch-184606 |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=किन नागलाई दूध र दुबो चढाइन्छ ? |language=ne}}</ref> In a Nepalese Hindu wedding, a garland made of this grass is worn by both bride and groom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-09 |title=Love and Marriage in Nepal |url=https://www.vogue.com/projects/13534534/love-marriage-nepal-wedding |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=Vogue |language=en-US |quote=nd a garland of flowers and dubo or durva grass, a symbol of long life.}}</ref> This grass is a Yoruba herb used for Esu or Elegba in the [[Ifá]] system of [[orisha|orishas]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}} ===Medicinal value=== The [[rhizome]]s are reported to act as a [[diuretic]] in humans and the grass juice can act as an [[astringent]].<ref name="Kandwal&Sharma2011">{{cite journal |last1=Kandwal |first1=Manish K. |last2=Sharma |first2=M. L. |title=Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. : a self-treatment grass for dogs |journal=Current Science |date=2011 |volume=101 |issue=5 |pages=619–621 |jstor=24078622 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24078622 |access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref> It has been observed that ''Cynodon dactylon'' may be selectively eaten by [[dog]]s to swiftly induce [[vomiting]] when they have gastrointestinal problems. The effect may be due to irritation caused by bristles on the leaf margin.<ref name="Kandwal&Sharma2011" /> ===Other=== It is fast-growing and tough, making it popular and useful for sports fields, as when damaged it will recover quickly. It is a highly desirable turf grass in warm temperate climates, particularly for those regions where its tolerance to heat and drought enable it to survive where few other grasses do. This combination makes it a frequent choice for [[golf course]]s in the southern and southeastern United States and South Africa. It has a relatively coarse-bladed form with numerous [[cultivar]]s selected for different turf requirements.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} Bermuda grass has been cultivated in [[saline soils]] in [[California]]'s [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]], which are too salt-damaged to support agricultural crops; it was successfully [[irrigated]] with saline water and used to graze [[cattle]].<ref> {{cite journal|last=Kaffka|first=Stephen|year=2009|title=Can feedstock production for biofuels be sustainable in California?|url=http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/ca6304p202-72959.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=California Agriculture|volume=63|issue=4|pages=202–207|doi=10.3733/ca.v063n04p202|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813233813/http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/repositoryfiles/ca6304p202-72959.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-13|access-date=2013-06-09}} </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ciwr.ucanr.edu/files/169879.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927125255/http://ciwr.ucanr.edu/files/169879.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 27, 2015|title=Bermuda Grass Yield and Quality in Response to Different Salinity and N, Se, Mo, and B Rates in West San Joaquin Valley|author1=Stephen Kaffka|author2=Stephen Grattan|website=UC Center for Water Resources|author3=Dennis Corwi|author4=Maximo Alonso|author5=George E. Brown Jr.}}</ref>
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