Editing Daniel arap Moi (section)

==Criticism and corruption allegations==
{{see also|Corruption in Kenya|Goldenberg scandal}}
[[File:Nyayo Monument 2007.jpg|left|thumb|Nyayo Monument, located in Central Park in [[Nairobi]], was built in 1988 to commemorate the 10-year anniversary of Daniel Arap Moi's presidency.]]
In 1999, the findings of NGOs like [[Amnesty International]] and a special investigation by the United Nations were published, and they indicated that [[human rights abuse]]s were prevalent in Kenya under the Moi regime.<ref name="huri-01">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/kenya/document.do?id=AF95118DFE41371C802568E400729F0A |title=Kenya |website=Amnesty International Report 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130051054/http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/kenya/document.do?id=AF95118DFE41371C802568E400729F0A |archive-date=30 November 2005 |access-date=12 December 2005 }}</ref><ref name="huri-02">{{Cite web |url=http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=U1343Q6367847.5490&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=bib&ri=&index=.SW&term=kenya&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&x=8&y=13&aspect=power&index=.TW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.TN&term=torture&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.AW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&sort= |title=UN Special Rapporteur |website=Misc. reports concerning abuse of human rights in Kenya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622112254/http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=U1343Q6367847.5490&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=50&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=bib&ri=&index=.SW&term=kenya&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&x=8&y=13&aspect=power&index=.TW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.TN&term=torture&matchopt=0%7C0&oper=and&index=.AW&term=&matchopt=0%7C0&ultype=&uloper==&ullimit=&ultype=&uloper==&ullimit=&sort= |archive-date=22 June 2011 |access-date=12 December 2005}}</ref>

Reporting on corruption and human rights abuses by British reporter [[Mary Anne Fitzgerald]] from 1987 to 1988 resulted in her being vilified by the government and finally deported.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RsRAAQAAIAAJ |title=IPI Report |page=5 |volume=38 |author=Secretariat of the I.P.I. |year=1989 |author-link=International Press Institute |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-date=30 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530141331/https://books.google.com/books?id=RsRAAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> Moi was implicated in the 1990s' [[Goldenberg scandal]] and subsequent cover-ups, where the Kenyan government subsidised exports of gold far in excess of the foreign currency earnings of exporters. In this case, the gold was smuggled from [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], as Kenya has negligible gold reserves. The Goldenberg scandal cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10% of the country's annual GDP.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3495689.stm |work=BBC News |date=17 February 2004 |title=Moi 'ordered' Goldenberg payment |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819024235/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3495689.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Groepsfoto met in het midden Koningin Beatrix, Bestanddeelnr 934-4201.jpg|thumb|International environmental conference in the Peace Palace in [[The Hague]], 11 March 1989]]
Inquiries that began at the request of foreign aid donors never amounted to anything substantial during Moi's presidency.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/27/world/aid-donors-insist-on-kenya-reforms.html |title=AID DONORS INSIST ON KENYA REFORMS |work=New York Times |date=27 November 1991 |author=Steven Greenhouse |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=2 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902043628/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/27/world/aid-donors-insist-on-kenya-reforms.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 October 2000 |author=John Githongo |title=Corruption: Are We Innocent? |url=http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/politicaleconomy/Githongo/Corruption-Are%20We%20Innocent.doc |work=Kenya Museum Society |page=6 |access-date=4 February 2020 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729060659/http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/politicaleconomy/Githongo/Corruption-Are%20We%20Innocent.doc |url-status=live }}</ref> Although it appears that the [[peaceful transition of power]] to [[Mwai Kibaki]] may have involved an understanding that Moi would not stand trial for offences committed during his presidency, foreign aid donors reiterated their requests, and Kibaki reopened the inquiry. As the inquiry progressed, Moi, his two sons; Philip and Gideon (now a Senator), and his daughter, June, as well as a host of high-ranking Kenyans, were implicated. In a testimony delivered in late July 2003, Treasury Permanent Secretary [[Joseph Magari]] recounted that in 1991 Moi ordered him to pay Ksh34.5&nbsp;million ($460,000) to Goldenberg, contrary to the laws then in force.<ref>[http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/1499.cfm Kenya: Corruption Scandal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815181710/http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/1499.cfm |date=15 August 2007 }} William Karanja, World Press Review correspondent. From the October 2003 issue of World Press Review (Vol. 50, No. 10)</ref>
[[File:Moi and Bush.jpg|left|thumb|President Moi with U.S. President George W. Bush in New York in 2001]]
[[Wangari Maathai]] discussed Moi's actions during the 1980s and early 1990s, systematically attempting to dismantle the [[Greenbelt Movement]] after Maathai voiced displeasure at the government's attempts to build an office tower in [[Uhuru Park]]. According to Maathai, Moi's actions included removing the Greenbelt Movement from government office space and attempting to cut off funding from international donors by limiting funding through government sanctioned bodies.<ref>{{cite book|title=Unbowed: a memoir|author=Wangari Maathai|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|pages=184–205|date=2006|isbn=0307263487|location=New York}}</ref>  Maathai also discussed Moi's tactics during the beginning of the multiparty movement in the 1990s (see [[Forum for the Restoration of Democracy]]) whereby Moi announced the military would take over the government before the December 1992 elections. Maathai received communication during that time that an assassination list had been drawn up, and noted the mysterious deaths of Bishop [[Alexander Muge]] and [[Robert Ouko (politician)|Robert Ouko]].<ref name="Wangari Maathai 2006 206–229">{{cite book|title=Unbowed: a memoir|author=Wangari Maathai|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|pages=206–229|date=2006|isbn=0307263487|location=New York}}</ref> The Release Political Prisoners party was also formed in the early 1990s to secure the release of political prisoners of the Moi regime and to protest state-sanctioned torture and random imprisonment. The police dispersed the protestors and many of the mothers of these political prisoners from Freedom Corner in Uhuru Park on March 3, 1992. After a year-long vigil and hunger strike by many of the mothers of these political prisoners in the Anglican [[All Saints' Cathedral, Nairobi|All Saints Cathedral]] near Uhuru Park, the government released 51 prisoners en masse in early 1993.<ref name="Wangari Maathai 2006 206–229"/>

In October 2006, Moi was found by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to have taken a bribe from a Pakistani businessman, to award a monopoly of duty-free shops at the country's international airports in Mombasa and Nairobi. The businessman, Ali Nasir, claimed to have paid Moi US$2 million in cash to obtain government approval for the World Duty Free Limited investment in Kenya.<ref>[http://www.asil.org/ilib/2007/02/ilib070220.html International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815002919/https://www.asil.org/ilib/2007/02/ilib070220.html |date=15 August 2007 }} World Duty Free Company Ltd. v. Kenya (4 October 2006)</ref>

On 31 August 2007, [[WikiLeaks]] published a secret report that laid bare a web of shell companies, secret trusts and front men that his entourage had used to channel hundreds of millions of pounds into nearly 30 countries.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/31/kenya.topstories3 The looting of Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131213722/http://www.guardian.co.uk/kenya/story/0,,2159757,00.html |date=31 January 2008 }}. Guardian. 31 August 2007. Retrieved on 6 September 2011.</ref>