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Data structure
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==Language support== Most [[assembly language]]s and some [[Low-level programming language|low-level languages]], such as [[BCPL]] (Basic Combined Programming Language), lack built-in support for data structures. On the other hand, many [[high-level programming language]]s and some higher-level assembly languages, such as [[MASM]], have special syntax or other built-in support for certain data structures, such as records and arrays. For example, the [[C (programming language)|C]] (a direct descendant of BCPL) and [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] languages support [[Record (computer science)|structs]] and records, respectively, in addition to vectors (one-dimensional [[array data type|arrays]]) and multi-dimensional arrays.<ref name="gnu-c">{{cite web | url=https://www.gnu.org/software/gnu-c-manual/gnu-c-manual.html | title=The GNU C Manual | publisher=Free Software Foundation | access-date=2014-10-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/ref/ref.html | title=Free Pascal: Reference Guide | publisher=Free Pascal |first = Michaël |last =Van Canneyt|date = September 2017}}</ref> Most programming languages feature some sort of [[Library (computing)|library]] mechanism that allows data structure implementations to be reused by different programs. Modern languages usually come with standard libraries that implement the most common data structures. Examples are the [[C++]] [[Standard Template Library]], the [[Java Collections Framework]], and the [[Microsoft]] [[.NET Framework]]. Modern languages also generally support [[modular programming]], the separation between the [[interface (computing)|interface]] of a library module and its implementation. Some provide [[opaque data type]]s that allow clients to hide implementation details. [[Object-oriented programming language]]s, such as [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[Smalltalk]], typically use [[classes (computer science)|classes]] for this purpose. Many known data structures have [[concurrent data structure|concurrent]] versions which allow multiple computing threads to access a single concrete instance of a data structure simultaneously.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Mark Moir and Nir Shavit |title=Concurrent Data Structures |url=https://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~shanir/concurrent-data-structures.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401070433/http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~shanir/concurrent-data-structures.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-01 |url-status=dead |website=cs.tau.ac.il}}</ref>
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